Robots to Create Millions of Jobs, but These ‘Safe’ Careers Could Be Hit Hard
Robots will create double the amount of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the structure of America’s workforce that could impact everyone.
A new WEF report, The Future of Jobs 2018, predicts that 75 million jobs will be displaced by artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and automation. But it also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers and machines, a net gain of 58 million.
It is a widely held belief that routine, low-skilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the WEF’s report showed that many middle-class roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.
Meanwhile, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by WEF expecting a shift away from full-time work and towards flexible, contract-based gig economy employment with a focus on productivity.
All industries expect sizable skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will require reskilling of some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling, with 68 percent of its workforce requiring some reskilling.
你學(xué)對專業(yè)了嗎?機(jī)器人將代替這些工作
根據(jù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇(WEF)的數(shù)據(jù)，機(jī)器人創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位將是他們替代的兩倍。這將會對美國勞動力結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生重大影響，甚至?xí)绊懙矫總�(gè)人。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的一份新報(bào)告《2018年就業(yè)前景》預(yù)測，人工智能(AI)、機(jī)器人技術(shù)和自動化將取代7500萬個(gè)工作崗位。但隨著人和機(jī)器之間組織平衡的轉(zhuǎn)變，將會創(chuàng)造1.33億個(gè)新工作崗位，凈增5800萬個(gè)工作崗位。
人們普遍認(rèn)為，常規(guī)的低技能工作在實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化過程中是容易被取代的，但世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的報(bào)告顯示，許多中級技能崗位也存在被機(jī)器取代的危險(xiǎn)。金融分析師、會計(jì)師、律師等崗位都可能在2022年發(fā)生重大變化，不過體力勞動者受到的沖擊為嚴(yán)重。
與此同時(shí)，勞動力結(jié)構(gòu)會發(fā)生巨大調(diào)整。根據(jù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇調(diào)查，大的轉(zhuǎn)變是以關(guān)注生產(chǎn)率為著眼點(diǎn)，很多崗位從全職模式轉(zhuǎn)向基于合同靈活就業(yè)模式。
預(yù)計(jì)所有行業(yè)的崗位都會有大量的技能人才缺口，至少有50%的員工需要進(jìn)一步再培訓(xùn)。其中航空和旅游業(yè)對再培訓(xùn)的需求大，大約68%的在崗人員需要進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn)。
