【篇一】2021年上半年大學英語四級閱讀理解及解析
A remarkable variety of insects live in this planetMore species of insects exist than all other animalspecies together. Insects have survived on earth formore than 300 million years, and may possess theability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on thehighest mountains and on the bottom of rushingstreams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground,jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colorsand various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating (授粉)our crops aswell as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such asmosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability toadapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The oneplace they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects cansurvive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain,cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, waterand physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangeroussituations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: AnAfrican ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be rightbefore our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump ofbrown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, boldcolors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wingpatterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies arefooled into avoiding them.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT _____.
A.on the mountains with little air
B.in the cold polar areas
C.in the hot desert areas
D.in the open oceans
2.Insects protect themselves from chemicals by _______
A.hiding in tiny spaces
B.having a strong shell
C.flying away when necessary
D.changing colors or shapes
3.Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to ______
A.frighten away their enemies
B.avoid being discovered
C.send warning signals
D.look bitter-tasting
4.The passage mentions that insects ______.
A.can be found in any extreme environments
B.have survived longer than any other creatures
C.can be fed on any natural or man-made foods
D.are important for the growth of crops and flowers
5.The passage is mainly about ______
A.how insects survive in different places
B.why insects can survive so successfully
C.what insects can do to the environment
D.where insects can be found in quantity
參考答案
1.[D] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查對復合句的理解。本題涉及兩個段落，第2段及第3段都提及昆蟲大量生長的地方，第3段第3句中的The one place指出了答案。
2.[B] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查對復雜句的理解。第4段第1句指出了答案。protect…from…是對resistant to的同義替換。
3.[B] 推理判斷題。本題考查對長句的理解。最后一段第2句中的nearly invisible表明昆蟲偽裝是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此B為正確選項。其他選項雖然都是昆蟲偽裝的目的，但都與偽裝成自然物體無關。
4.[D] 推理判斷題。本題考查對含有分詞結(jié)構(gòu)句子的理解。根據(jù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句中的useful及分詞結(jié)構(gòu)pollinating可推斷昆蟲對植物的生長有益處。選項A、B、C中都有any,過于絕對。由第3段第2、3句可知選項A不對。文章雖在開頭指出昆蟲存活的年代久遠，但全文未提到它是存活時間最長的生物，所以選項B錯誤。至于昆蟲的食物，第3段倒數(shù)第2句有提及,但只是a wide range of,由此可排除選項C。
5.[B] 主旨大意題。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲生存了很長的時間，并能在各種地方生長，然后引出文章要討論的重點，即昆蟲為什么能成功存活。第3段第1句為本文的中心句，因此本題正確選項為B。
【篇二】2021年上半年大學英語四級閱讀理解及解析
A new analysis of federal money that public schools receive for low-income students shows that a record number of the nation’s school districts will receive less in the coming academic year than they did for theone just ended.
For the 2005-2006 school year, spending under the Department of Education’s Title I program, which helps low-achieving children in high-poverty areas, is increasing by 3.2 percent, to $12.6 billion. But because of population shifts, growing numbers of poor children, newer census data and complex formulas that determine how the money is divided, more than two-thirds of the districts, or 8,843, will not receive as much financing as before.
The analysis, based on data from the department, was made by the Center on Education Policy, a group advocating for public schools. A similar study by the group last year showed that 55 percent of the schools would receive less money than they did in the previous year.
“It's an alarming number,” said Tom Fagan, a former department official who conducted the analysis. “It’s clear that the amount of overall increase is not keeping pace with the number of poor kids.”
Susan Aspey, a department spokeswoman, defended the spending levels for Title I，saying, “President Bush and Congress have invested record amounts of funding to help the nation’s neediest students.”
But Mr. Fagan said the increasing number of districts that are losing money is making it harder for the schools to meet the goals of the federal No Child Left Behind Act, the Bush administration's signature education program, which measures progress through annual tests in math, reading and science. That is giving critics of the program more grounds to accuse the administration of not sufficiently financing the program while demanding greater results.
Title I provides the largest component of financing for No Child Left Behind.
“The federal government is concentrating more money in fewer districts," said John F. Jennings, the president and chief executive of the Center on Education Policy. “It means there is lots of anger and lots of tension. They're asking us to do more and more with less and less.”
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.As it is indicated in the passage, the new analysis _____.
A.studied the federal money spent on low-income students
B.aimed at promoting the establishment of more public schools
C.showed that about half the schools would receive less money
D.was conducted by the Department of Education’s Title I program
2.Which of the following factors does NOT lead to the result that more than two-thirds of thedistricts will get more poorly financed?
A.People often move from one place to another.
B.There are more children from poor families.
C.The way of distributing money has changed.
D.Spending under the Title I program decreased.
3.Susan Aspey looks at the funding by the government with _______.
A.criticism
B.consent
C.Indifference
D.expectation
4.According to Tom Fagan, ______.
A.the government has done its best to finance the poor children
B.the goals of No Child Left Behind Act are difficult to realize
C.the way of measuring progress by annual tests should be changed
D.the Bush government shouldn't have approved the Title I program
5.When the government concentrates more money in fewer districts, _____.
A.more poor children will get benefited
B.more public schools will have to be closed
C.it will arouse more people’s dissatisfaction
D.No Child Left Behind Act will be realized sooner
參考答案
1.[A] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考査對長句的理解。從第1段首句中的“…of…”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可知這個最新分析是要研究聯(lián)邦政府資金問題的。所以排除B。由第3段第1句可知這項最新分析是由the Center on Education Policy 進行的，因此排除選項D。根據(jù)第3段最后一句，選項C中show的行為主體應為similar study。
2.[D] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查因果關系。第2段第2句指出有三個原因造成超過2/3的地區(qū)得到的資金減少，選項A、B、C是對這三個原因的近義改寫，但其中選項C與原句的形式分別，容易造成誤選。
3.[B] 觀點態(tài)度題。本題考查文人物的觀點。蘇珊·阿斯貝的觀點態(tài)度只能從第5段推斷出，從這一段中的defended和record amount of funding可知她對教育部的撥款數(shù)是認同的。選項A和C都是貶義詞，不可 能表達她的觀點;選項D雖是褒義詞,但蘇珊是在陳述已發(fā)生的事實，而不是發(fā)表對教育部的期望。
4.[B] 推理判斷題。本題考查對復合句的理解。由文中第6段第1句中的harder... to meet...可知選項B正確。選項C干擾性，要排除這個干擾，關鍵是要理解第6段第1句中由which引導的非限制性定語從句的作 用。這個從句是對前面“the Bush administration's signature education program”的附加事實信息，不屬于湯姆·法甘的看法。
5.[C] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第6段第1句可知選項A和D與事實不符。最后一段倒數(shù)第2句中的anger和tension兩詞，可推斷人們對此表示不滿。
【篇三】2021年上半年大學英語四級閱讀理解及解析
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (學會) of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general,the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.
As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “ example is better than precept ”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(說教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skill ______
A.can be avoided
B.is universal among parents
C.sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D.will make him lose interest in learning new things
2.In the process of children’s learning new skills parents ________
A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B. should not expect too much of them
C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D.should creative as many learning opportunities as possible
3.The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________
A. parents should be strict with their children
B. parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community.
C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone.
D. parental vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.
4.The word “precept” (Line3, Para.3) probably means “_______”
A. Idea
B.punishment
C. behavior
D. instruction
5.In moral matters, parents should ________
A. observe the rules themselves
B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D.consistently ensure the security of their children
參考答案
1.[B] 事實細節(jié)題。第1段第1句中的every parent，often等詞表明這種做法在父母中是非常普遍的，顯然B與之相符。A說法無原文依據(jù)，且由原文可看出題干所述現(xiàn)象是很難避免的;C中dangerous—詞在原文中本是修飾其他情緒，故C不符;D是過多地讓孩子自己一個獨處的后果,不是題干所述行為的后果。
2.[C] 推理判斷題。第1段第2句說明父母逼得太過分，應避免。最后一句則說明對小孩太放任自流同樣不利。由這兩點，我們可以做出如下判斷：父母對孩子的“嚴”和“松”之間有一個恰當?shù)摹岸取薄與之相符。
3.[C] 事實細節(jié)題。文章第2段表明：不同的家長對孩子的管制程度不同;家長對小孩的管制不僅是為了孩子個人的幸福，也反映了父母的需要以及社區(qū)的價值觀，故C與原文相符。
4.[D] 詞義理解題。由precept所在句可猜測precept應與example相對，且與下文的preach意思相近，故D正確。
5.[A] 推理判斷題。第3段提到父母應該避免講一套做一套，結(jié)合最后一段可得出結(jié)論：關于思想道德教育問題，父母應以身作則，帶頭遵循，故A正確。
