[Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
Activities：（寫出動詞過去式）
go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營
quite a few相當多 study for為……而學習 go out出去 most of the time大部分時間
taste good嘗起來很好吃 have a good time玩得高興 of course當然
feel like給……的感覺；感受到feel like doing sth
go shopping去購物 in the past在過去 walk around四處走走 because of因為
one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on繼續(xù)
take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出來
不定代詞有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 構成的合成代詞(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在這些不定代詞中，多數(shù)都能作主語、賓語、表語或定語，但是代詞 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 構成的合成代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語，不能作定語，而 no 和 every 則只用作定語。
復合不定代詞：由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing構成的不定代詞，叫做復合不定代詞。
somebody = someone某人 something 某物，某事
anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，無論什么事物
nobody = no one沒有人，不重要的人 nothing沒有東西，什么也沒有;不重要的人或事
everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一個事物，一切
詞組：for nothing(徒勞，沒有好結果，免費)，nothing but(僅僅，只不過)，
It’s nothing. (不用謝，不必在意) anybody else(別人)
（1）復合不定代詞只相當于名詞,在句子中作主語、賓語和表語，而不能作定語。
Everything is made of elements.任何東西都是元素構成的。（作主語）
I have nothing to say toady.我今天沒什么可講的。（作賓語）
That`s nothing.沒什么。（作表語）
（2）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
（3）代替與-thing構成的復合不定代詞，用it；代替與-body, -one構成的復合不定代詞，一般用they，在正式文體中可用he。
如：Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they ？
Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn’t he ? 每個人都知道他必須做什么，不是嗎？
（2）something和anything的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別一樣，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。（肯定句）
Someone is asking to see you.有人要見你。 （肯定句）
Has anything happened ？出什么事了嗎？ （疑問句）
We can`t decide anything now.我們現(xiàn)在不能作什么決定。 （否定句）
If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以給我打電話。（條件狀語從句）
（3）復合不定代詞被定語所修飾時，形容詞或不定式等其他定語則須放在它們的后面。
There is nothing wrong with the machine.這機器沒出什么毛病。（形容詞）
This is something special. 這是種特別的東西。（形容詞）
Is there anything important in today``s newspaper?今天報紙上有什么重要消息嗎？（形容詞）
Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝點什么嗎？
If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能幫你的，請告訴我。
④除與-thing構成的復合不定代詞外，即everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；當其后有else時，’s要加在else后面。如： That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是別人的外衣，不是我的。
⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能與of短語連用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要與of連用才可以。如：Is anybody here? 有人嗎？
You can take any one of these. 你可以隨便拿一個。
⑥與some-，any-構成的復合不定代詞的用法與some, any的用法相同。與any-構成的復合不定代詞一般用于否定句或疑問句中，not…any-構成完全否定，但沒有any-…not的說法；與some-構成的復合不定代詞用于肯定句、預料作肯定回答的疑問句、建議或請求的疑問句中
【巧記復合代詞分合】：分合皆能單獨用，后加of合不成。
【巧學不定代詞】：不定代詞美名揚，修飾成分后邊藏；單數(shù)動詞作謂語，何時何地都一樣。
buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買某物
taste + adj. 嘗起來…look+adj. 看起來…smell 聞起來 sound 聽起來 feel 感覺起來
taste delicious…look beautiful…smell terrible … sound wonderful… feel comfortable /tired / bored/
nothing…but+動詞原形 除了……之外什么都沒有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起來…… No one seemed to be bored.
seem to do sth.
arrive in+大地點 / arrive at+小地點 到達某地
decide to do sth.決定去做某事
try doing sth.嘗試做某事 / try to do sth.盡力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.開始做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事
keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事 keep on doing sth. 反復做某事有小停歇
Why not do. sth.?為什么不做……呢？
so+adj.+that+從句 如此……以至于……
it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth對某人來說做…怎么樣
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事
want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事
1. anywhere 與 somewhere 兩者都是不定副詞。
anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑問句中。I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 在某處，到某處，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. seem + 形容詞 看起來….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 從句 看起來好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.決定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.
decide + 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing his homework.
但以下幾種情況不能用begin .
1) 創(chuàng)辦，開辦： He started a new bllkshop last month.
2) 機器開動： I can’t start my car.
3) 出發(fā)，動身： I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介詞，多于，超過，在…以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，與物體垂直且不接觸，與 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.
超過： I hear the news over the radio.
遍及： I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
Much too 太，修飾形容詞或副詞。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。
too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數(shù)。
7. because of 介詞短語，因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
because 連詞，因為，引導狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework幫助做家務 on weekends在周末 how often多久 hardly ever幾乎從不
once a week每周 twice a month每月兩次 every day每天 be free有空
go to the movies去看電影 use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng) swing dance搖擺舞 play tennis打網(wǎng)球
stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈課和鋼琴課
go to bed early早點睡覺 play sports進行體育活動
be good for對……有好處 sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度過時光
be bad for對……有壞處 sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花費時間/金錢
be good with與……友好相處 sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花費時間/金錢
be good at sth./ doing sth 擅長某事/做某事
be friendly with sb. 與某人友好相處
be friendly to sb. 對某人友好
be kind to sb. 對某人友好
go camping去野營
not…at all一點兒也不…… in one’s free time在某人的業(yè)余時間 the most popular受歡迎的
such as比如；諸如 old habits die hard積習難改 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)
morn than多于；超過 less than少于
help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么樣？/ ……好不好？
want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事 How many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+一般疑問句？ ……有多少……?
主語+find+that從句. ……發(fā)現(xiàn)…… It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
ask sb. about sth.向某人詢問某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
by doing sth. 通過做某事 What’s your favorite……?你喜愛的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的好方式 Which…do you like best? 你喜歡
詞語辨析：
1. how often 多久，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率�；卮鹩茫簅nce，twice, three times 等詞語。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多長，用來詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物有多長。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how for 多遠， 用來詢問距離，指路程的遠近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
1. free 空閑的，有空的， 反義詞為 busy. be free 有空，閑著，相當于 have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
還可作“免費的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.
2. How come？ 怎么會？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導一個問句， 相當于疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜，不睡覺”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
4. go to bed 強調“上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不一定睡著。I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 強調“入睡，睡著，進入夢鄉(xiāng)”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
5. find + 賓語 +名詞, 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 賓語 + 形容詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn)： He found the room dirty.
find + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： I found her standing at the door.
6. percent 百分數(shù)， 基數(shù)詞 + percent： percent 沒有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復數(shù)。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
7. more than 超過，多于，不僅僅， 相當于 over. 在句型轉換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容詞， 擔心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 從句， 恐怕， 擔心： I’m afraid I have to go now.
be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的區(qū)別：
sometimes 頻度副詞， 有時。表示動作發(fā)生的不經常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副詞，某個時候。 表示不確切或不具體的時間，常用于過去時或將來時，對它用疑問詞when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中time 是可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名詞短語， 一段時間. 表示“一段時間”時，句中謂語動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞，提問時用 How long.
I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.
That’s Tara, isn’t it?
Are you as friendly as your sister?
I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.
more outgoing更外向 as…as…與……一樣…… the singing competition唱歌比賽
be similar to與……相像的/類似的 be the same as和……相同；與……一致 be different from與……不同
care about關心；介意 look after 照顧 take care of 照顧
be like a mirror像一面鏡子 the most important重要的
as long as只要；既然 bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 get better grades取得更好的成績
reach for伸手取 in fact事實上；實際上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的
touch one’s heart感動某人 be talented in music有音樂天賦
be good at擅長…… be good with善于與……相處
have fun doing sth.享受做某事的樂趣 be good at doing sth擅長做某事 make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事
want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原級+as 與……一樣……
It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說，做某事……的。
詞語辨析：
laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她說了個笑話，我們都大聲笑起來。
We all laughed at his joke. 聽了他的笑話我們都笑起來。
He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑在后，誰笑得好。/不要高興得太早。
（與at連用）嘲笑
Don’t laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動作。
笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。
though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管 = although
Though it was raining，he went there. 雖然當時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。
注意：不能受漢語的影響，在though引導的從句后使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（誤）
though adv.. 不過，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。
