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托福閱讀的三大步驟

時(shí)間:2019-10-28 11:01:00   來(lái)源:新東方在線     [字體: ]

【#托福考試(TOEFL)# #托福閱讀的三大步驟#】向著順利通過(guò)考試的目標(biāo),邁步向前,必然會(huì)成功拿到證書。以下是“托福閱讀的三大步驟”,快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧!





  第一,掌握詞匯


  在托?荚嚨膫淇歼^(guò)程中,詞匯是至關(guān)重要的,每一道題都和單詞息息相關(guān)。背單詞的根本捷徑就是要堅(jiān)持。首先選擇一本亂序的托福詞匯書,按計(jì)劃每天背誦一百個(gè)左右,這一百個(gè)單詞可以分三組來(lái)背,早上三十,中午三十,下午三十。記住背完單詞之后,當(dāng)天晚上一定要進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和檢查,檢查的方式可以是英譯中,中譯英或者聽譯,整理出沒(méi)有記住的單詞,第二天早晨復(fù)習(xí)。然后集中刷托福的詞匯題,一天刷50題左右,在刷題的過(guò)程中積累核心詞匯。


  第二,熟悉背景知識(shí)


  很多學(xué)生在練習(xí)的過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到內(nèi)容太陌生的文章,以至于很難投入做題。比如TPO里面有一篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表,部分學(xué)生覺(jué)得讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁,然而化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生做起來(lái)很爽。托福閱讀內(nèi)容的難度是國(guó)外大學(xué)程度的學(xué)術(shù)類文章的難度。所以學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)備考的過(guò)程中,如果時(shí)間充足的話,可以對(duì)托福閱讀所涉及的背景知識(shí)多一些了解,擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面,比如讀一些 The Economist 的文章。如果時(shí)間比較緊張,建議就拿TPO就可以了,通過(guò)做TPO了解相關(guān)背景知識(shí)。做完一篇文章后,還要整體地總結(jié)一下文章大意和思路,總結(jié)出每一段的段落大意。


  第三,運(yùn)用解題技巧


  托福閱讀考試一共有十種題型,詞匯題,句子簡(jiǎn)化題,指代題和句子插入題是對(duì)核心詞匯,句子核心意思和段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的考察;細(xì)節(jié)題,推斷題,否定信息題和修辭目的題是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的考察;六選三和表格題是對(duì)文章的分析和總結(jié)。


  1. 細(xì)節(jié)題要注意利用關(guān)鍵詞定位,關(guān)鍵詞選擇數(shù)字,人名地名和專有名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子,和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行核對(duì)的時(shí)候注意同義替換,比如:


  Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals.


  In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?


  A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.


  B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.


  C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.


  D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.


  根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞blowhole定位到 and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals,核對(duì)選項(xiàng),conceal 和disguise 同義替換。


  2. 句子簡(jiǎn)化題要求正確選項(xiàng)能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原句的核心意思,保證邏輯關(guān)系不變 (因果,轉(zhuǎn)折,對(duì)比,比較,并列),主體不變和修飾不變。我們可以先從邏輯關(guān)系入手,排除一些選項(xiàng),比如:


  The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubstence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.


  A Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the country because Democrates dominated in other areas.


  B Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.


  C The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy .


  D The Democrats' power was greatest in poor areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully opening.


  原句的“whereas”表示對(duì)比,與之相一致的只有D選項(xiàng)的“while”。