【#GRE留學(xué)外語考試# #GRE閱讀材料練習(xí)：科學(xué)驗證睡眠和月相緊密相關(guān)#】不積跬步，無以至千里，不積小流，無以成江海。®無憂考網(wǎng)整理為大家整理了“GRE閱讀材料練習(xí)：科學(xué)驗證睡眠和月相緊密相關(guān)”，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關(guān)訊息請關(guān)注®無憂考網(wǎng)！

　　People do not sleep easy on nights when there is afull Moon.IT SOUNDS like an idea dreamed up over a few beersin the pub one evening.And that, those involved freely admit, is exactly what it was.As Christian Cajochen and his colleagues put it in their paper on the matter in Current biology,We just thought of it after a drink in a local bar one evening at full Moon.It was a way of testing the persistent but unproven idea that the full Moon affects humanbehaviour, generally for the worse.

　　月圓之夜，不能安眠。這聽起來就像某晚在酒吧喝了幾杯啤酒后的胡說八道。提出這個觀點的人也坦誠的這點子的確就是這么來的。他的同事和Christian Cajochen將有關(guān)睡眠與月相研究的論文放到了《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上，我們就是月圓的那晚在附近一個酒吧喝了幾杯才想到的。這是個未經(jīng)證實的測試持久性的方法，滿月會影響人的行為，總的來說，它將惡化你的行為。

　　In prescientific days this was expressed in terms like moonstruck and lunatic.And it found even more sinistermanifestation in the form of the lycanthrope, who did not sleep when the Moon was full,but turned into a wolf instead.Though few now believe in werewolves some modern thinkers still suspect the Moon's phaseaffects sleep patterns,and on that particular moonlit night Dr Cajochen and his buddies realised they already had thedata needed to find out.

　　現(xiàn)代科學(xué)出現(xiàn)以前，這種情況被稱作月色撩人或者癡狂。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，甚至還有更多像狼人一樣的兇神惡煞，他們在月圓之夜化成狼的樣子，而不是像往常一般睡去。盡管如今已經(jīng)很少人相信狼人的存在，但一些當(dāng)代思想家仍懷疑月相會影響睡眠模式,而且就在這個不同尋常的月夜Cajochen博士和同僚們才意識到，他們早已掌握了本想挖掘的數(shù)據(jù)。

　　Those data came from a study on body clocks and sleep patterns they had conducted a decadeearlier at the Centre for Chronobiology at the University of Basel,where they work.Between 2000 and 2003 they had looked at the effect of the daily body clock on the sleeppatterns of 33 volunteers.The protocol they had used was perfect.Volunteers were shut away from daylight for days at a time, so their sleep patterns could notbe affected by the illumination a full Moon brings.And it was also the ultimate in double-blind experiments.

　　這些數(shù)據(jù)來自10年前他們所在的瑞士巴塞爾大學(xué)時間生物學(xué)中心，一個關(guān)于生物鐘與睡眠研究。那次試驗在2000至2003年間曾觀察過33名志愿者在日常生物鐘下的睡眠模式。研究所使用的方法無懈可擊。研究期間，志愿者都與日光隔絕，所以觀察對象就不會對滿月的月光產(chǎn)生反映。這也是一個終極雙盲試驗。

　　Neither the participants nor the organisers could possibly have been biased by knowing theexperiment was intended to look at the effect of the full Moon, since at the time it wasconducted it wasn't.A few days' number-crunching gave Dr Cajochen and his team what they were looking for.And the answer was yes, the phase of the Moon does affect human sleep patterns, even whenthe human involved cannot possibly see the Moon.

　　志愿者和組織者都不可能因知道此次研究是針對滿月帶來的效應(yīng)而出現(xiàn)偏差，當(dāng)時實驗結(jié)果沒有說明兩者之間有關(guān)聯(lián)。經(jīng)過幾天的計算后，Cajochen博士小組得到了他們想要的數(shù)據(jù)。并得到了肯定的答案，月相的確影響著人們的睡眠，即使參加研究的志愿者不能看到月亮。

　　Electroencephalography showed that the volunteers slept, on average, 20 minutes less aroundthe time of the full Moon.It also took them five minutes longer to get to sleep, their delta activity was 30% lower thanat other times, their level of melatonin, a sleep-related hormone, was reduced, and theyreported, subjectively, that they had not slept as well as usual.Nor was any of this connected, in female volunteers, with their menstrual cycles.

　　腦電波圖顯示了他們的睡眠腦電圖，平均來說，將近月圓或者剛過滿月那幾天，人們睡得比平常少20分鐘。而且入睡時間也比平時多需要5分鐘，他們的是平日幅度的30%。他們體內(nèi)的一種與睡眠相關(guān)的黑色素荷爾蒙減少，而且研究對象也主觀地反映他們不像平常那樣睡得香腦波幅度。而女性志愿者的試驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示,她們的生理周期與這些睡眠時間和激素水平中的任何一個都沒有關(guān)系。

　　Lest any astrologer reading this result get cocky, Dr Cajochen does not believe that what hehas found is directly influenced by the Moon through, say, some tidal effect.What he thinks he has discovered is an additional hand on the body's clock-face.Besides the well-known endogenous daily cycle which the experiment originally studied, there isalso an endogenous monthly cycle entrained to the Moon by unconscious observation over along period of the light from the heavenly bodies concerned.

　　以免有些占星師洋洋得意，Cajochen博士認(rèn)為，他所得出的規(guī)律并不是由月亮通過某種潮汐導(dǎo)致的。他認(rèn)為這些研究結(jié)果只是往生物鐘表盤上多加了一個指針。除眾所周知的自身的日循環(huán)外，這也是研究最初的目的，身體還有一個受到月亮調(diào)控的內(nèi)在月循環(huán)，這是長期以來在對天體不經(jīng)意的觀察中得到的啟示。

　　Lunar cycles exist in other species so this is not, as it were, a lunatic idea.But those species that have been studied are animals like marine iguanas, for whom knowingthe tides is important.What use an ingrained lunar calendar is to a human being remains to be determined.Perhaps sleeping lightly on moonlit nights was a defence mechanism against predators.Wolves, for example.

　　月亮運轉(zhuǎn)周期對其他物種也影響，這并不是異想天開。被研究的動物對象包括海蜥蜴，潮汐對它來說非常重要。什么使陰歷扎根于人類社會當(dāng)中仍是一個迷。也許在月光明亮的夜晚淺睡是對狼人等肉食動物的防御機(jī)制。