用英語(yǔ)介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——清明節(jié)

時(shí)間：2018-11-13 09:27:00 來(lái)源：無(wú)憂考網(wǎng) [字體：小中大]

　　【#英語(yǔ)資源# #用英語(yǔ)介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——清明節(jié)#】清明節(jié)已經(jīng)過(guò)去。清明節(jié)又叫踏青節(jié)，是我國(guó)重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。從二十四節(jié)氣上講，它又是節(jié)氣之一。它是一個(gè)節(jié)日和節(jié)氣并存的日子，可見(jiàn)古人對(duì)這一天的重視程度。®無(wú)憂考網(wǎng)整理了跟清明節(jié)有關(guān)的知識(shí)，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關(guān)訊息請(qǐng)關(guān)注®無(wú)憂考網(wǎng)！

ORIGIN 起源

Qing Ming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Tui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C. Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg. When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him. However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.

談到清明節(jié)，有點(diǎn)歷史知識(shí)的人，都會(huì)聯(lián)想到歷史人物介子推。據(jù)歷史記載，在兩千多年以前的春秋時(shí)代，晉國(guó)公子重耳逃亡在外，生活艱苦，跟隨他的介子椎不惜從自己的腿上割下一塊肉讓他充饑。后來(lái)，重耳回到晉國(guó)，作了國(guó)君（即晉文公，春秋五霸之一），大事封賞所有跟隨他*在外的隨從，惟獨(dú)介子椎拒絕接受封賞，他帶了母親隱居綿山。

Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire. To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death. To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death. Thus began the "cold food feast", a day when no food could be cooked since no fire could be lit.

晉文公無(wú)計(jì)可施，只好放火燒山，他想，介子椎孝順母親，一定會(huì)帶著老母出來(lái)。誰(shuí)知這場(chǎng)大火卻把介子椎母子燒死了。為了紀(jì)念介子椎，晉文公下令每年的這一天，禁止生火，家家戶(hù)戶(hù)只能吃生冷的食物，這就是寒食節(jié)的來(lái)源。

The "cold food" festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is often considered as part of the Qing Ming festival. As time passes, the Qing Ming festival replaced the "cold food" festival. Whatever practice is observed，the basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets. To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of the lives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose death over capitulation.

寒食節(jié)是在清明節(jié)的前一天，古人常把寒食節(jié)的活動(dòng)延續(xù)到清明，久而久之，清明取代了寒食節(jié)。拜介子椎的習(xí)俗也變成了清明掃墓的習(xí)俗了。無(wú)論以何種形式紀(jì)念，為了使紀(jì)念祖先的儀式更有意義，我們應(yīng)該讓年輕一代的家庭成員了解先人過(guò)去的奮斗歷史，當(dāng)然，還要學(xué)習(xí)介子椎寧死不屈的氣節(jié)。

【清明習(xí)俗】

sweeping the tomb 掃墓

One of the most important activities on this day is to tend graves to honor ancestors,dead relatives and friends. On Tomb Sweeping Day, thousands of Chinese families will head to cemeteries to clean and sweep the tombs of deceased family members. As we gather with our families to remember our ancestors, remember to give thanks for family and the gift of life. In addition, as the spring comes and everywhere gets green, people often go picnicking, hiking, play kites or plant willows.

清明一大重要的活動(dòng)就是上墳祭拜祖先、去世的親人及朋友。在清明這天，成千上萬(wàn)的中國(guó)家庭將要前往陵園去為逝去的親人掃墓。當(dāng)我們?nèi)乙黄鸺赖熳嫦鹊臅r(shí)候，記得一同感謝家人和生命的禮物。除此之外，春天到來(lái)萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇，人們也常常借此機(jī)會(huì)外出野餐，徒步旅行、放風(fēng)箏或者種柳樹(shù)。

【健康小貼士】

The traditional Chinese medical theory believes that this period is the perfect time for people to absorb Yang Qi into human’s body. Everything which may consume or block one’s Yang Qi should be avoided. People are suggested to take more exercises such as jogging, gymnastics, hiking. Although the old custom of eating cold food is still popular in some areas, not everyone’s body is suitable for doing so, especially those who have weak stomach. People should eat more fruits and vegetables such as chives,Chinese cabbage and radish.

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為清明時(shí)節(jié)是人們吸取陽(yáng)氣的時(shí)機(jī)、應(yīng)該要避免所有消耗或阻擋體內(nèi)陽(yáng)氣的事。建議人們多參與像慢跑、體操、徒步旅行這樣的鍛煉。盡管吃冷食的就習(xí)俗在某些地方依舊盛行，但并不是每個(gè)人的身體都能適應(yīng)，尤其是那些腸胃功能不好的人。應(yīng)該多吃水果和蔬菜，如韭菜、大白菜、蘿卜。

我們?nèi)硕炷茉數(shù)囊皇钻P(guān)于清明的詩(shī)就是：

清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。借問(wèn)酒家何處有?牧童遙指杏花村。

清明杜牧
這首杜牧《清明》各種英文翻譯版本也有很多：

1.許淵沖譯
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day

The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.　
Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?
A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers.

2.吳偉雄譯
It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,

The mourner travels with his heart lost in dismay.
When asked for a wineshop to kill his gloomy time,
A cowboy points at Almond Hamlet far away.
3.萬(wàn)昌盛、王僴中譯
The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,

So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.
When asked where could be found at avern bower,
Acow boy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.

4.楊憲益、戴乃迭譯
It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,

Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.
When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,
He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.

5.吳鈞陶譯
It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,

I travel with my heart lost in dismay.
"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"
He points at Apricot Village faraway.

6.蔡廷干譯
The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day,

The men and women sadly move along the way.
They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ----
And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest.

7.孫大雨譯
Upon theClear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.

Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.
When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to befound",
The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.

清明節(jié)相關(guān)英文詞匯

day of sacrifice 祭祀節(jié)日

offer sacrifices to ancestors 祭祖/上供

condolence 哀悼之情

hell note/joss paper 紙錢(qián)

funeral supplies/products 殯葬用品

funeral services 殯葬服務(wù)業(yè)

mortician 殯儀業(yè)者

burn incense 焚香

tomb-sweeping 掃墓

tomb sweeper 掃墓的人

kite flying 放風(fēng)箏