46 What is the common view of mental function?
A. It varies from person to person.
B. It weakens in one’s later years.
C. It gradually expands with age.
D. It indicates one’s health condition.
答案：B [It weakens in one’s later years]
難度：易
原文：Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.
解析：題干問(wèn)對(duì)mental function（精神狀態(tài)/功能）的common view（大眾看法）是什么樣的？
根據(jù)順序原則（即第一題對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段）以及題干中的mental function很快可以定位到原文第一段Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, 原文這里的often seen
as對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的common view，所以可以判定答案一定和old age相關(guān)，據(jù)此排除A和D；再根據(jù)but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）后面說(shuō)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)mental function在年輕時(shí)代已經(jīng)慢慢減退，又but前后文內(nèi)容相反，所以在新的研究出來(lái)之前的common view認(rèn)為“人老的時(shí)候，mental function才減退”，所以答案選B (later’s years)
47. What does the new study find about mental function?
A. Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.
B. They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.
C. They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.
D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.
答案：D [Some of them begin to decline when people are still young]
難度：易
原文：The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions-including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving-started to dull as early as age 27.
解析：根據(jù)題干中的new study found以及順序原則（第二題對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段）很快可以定位到原文第二段（根據(jù)主干和枝干的關(guān)系以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用可將第二段簡(jiǎn)化為）The study found that certain mental functions started to dull as early as age 27（）,這里也就是這一題的答案句，然后看一下選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)是和該句意義接近的，其他選項(xiàng)在該句找不到任何一句。
48. What does Timothy Salthouse say about people’s minds in most cases?
A. They tend to decline in people’s later years.
B. Their flexibility determines one’s abilities.
C. They function quite well even in old age.
D. Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.
答案：C [They function quite well in old age]
難度：易
原文：The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.
解析：題干問(wèn)Timothy Salthouse對(duì)大多數(shù)情況下的人的思維說(shuō)了什么？
根據(jù)題干中的人名Timothy Salthouse以及順序原則可以很快定位到原文第5段的末尾，這個(gè)時(shí)候一定要堅(jiān)信答案不跨段，所以往第五段前面看，往前看一句發(fā)現(xiàn)原文說(shuō)Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years，大多數(shù)人的腦子即便到了老年還思維清晰，據(jù)此可以判定選C。
49. Although people’s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____
A. may be better at solving puzzles
B. can memorize things with more case
C. may have greater facility in abstract reasoning
D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use
答案：D [can put what they have learnt into more effective use]
難度：易
原文：“These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,”Salthouse said in a news release.
解析：題干問(wèn)盡管當(dāng)人老的時(shí)候，人的思維可能變得不靈活，但是他們?cè)趺丛趺粗?
根據(jù)題干中的flexibility以及順序原則，很快可以定位原文第6段These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s ability…原文這里出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)but，全宇宙人都知道but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而且轉(zhuǎn)折后面是重點(diǎn)，所以答案就在but后面，你不用理解它原文什么意思，摳一下字眼，反正正確答案一定和knowledge，effectiveness of integrating有關(guān)，然后看一下選項(xiàng)，只有D里面的effective use。
50. According to Salthouse, their study may help us _________
A. find ways to slow down our mental decline
B. find ways to boost our memories
C. understand the complex process of mental functioning
D. understand the relation between physical and mental health
答案：C [understand the complex process of mental functioning]
難度：易
原文：The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(癡呆)，according to the researchers.
解析：題干問(wèn)，根據(jù)Salthouse，他們的研究可以幫助我們?cè)趺粗ǜ墒裁矗浚?
因?yàn)檫@是后一題，所以我們先回原文后一段定位，嘗試找答案。后一段，上來(lái)就是finding，這是我上課的時(shí)候給學(xué)生補(bǔ)充的關(guān)鍵詞，它出現(xiàn)時(shí)，后面一般會(huì)跟著重要信息，換句話說(shuō)就是答案。仔細(xì)看一下原文，The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function，這一句話是主干，在四級(jí)閱讀中，主干往往包含重要信息，這時(shí)候看一下選項(xiàng)ABCD，發(fā)現(xiàn)做不出答案，所以必須繼續(xù)往下讀，后面是which could aid in understanding the process of 癡呆（which表示某種從句，從句的作用是對(duì)前文進(jìn)行解釋和補(bǔ)充），這時(shí)候看一下選項(xiàng)，只有C是符合原文這句的。
第二套
Section C Passage 2
Pre-kindergarten education 篇
南京新東方卜銀
南京新東方袁靜
51. What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?
A. It should cater to the needs of individual children.
B. It is essential to a person’s future academic success.
C. Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.
D. Parents regard it as the first phase of children’s development.
答案：C
難度：易
原文：But it get complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars policymakers argue about the shape, scope, and cost of the ideal program.
解析：題干問(wèn)關(guān)于學(xué)前教育，作者說(shuō)了什么。根據(jù)題干中的pre-kindergarten education以及順序原則（第一題對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段），很快定位到原文第一段，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)做不出來(lái)答案，所以繼續(xù)往第二段讀，第二段開頭就是but，因?yàn)閎ut表示轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)折之后是重點(diǎn)，不需要太多理解，反正答案一定和scholars and policymakers有關(guān)，看一下選項(xiàng)，只有C同時(shí)包含這兩個(gè)，所以選C
52 What does the new Peabody study find?
A. Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.
B. The third grade marks a new phase of learning.
C. The third grade is critical to children’s development.
D. Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.
答案：A
原文：A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.
難度：中
解析： 根據(jù)題干中的Peabody study 以及順序原則，很快可以定位到原文第四段，原文Peabody study出來(lái)之后，以of結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)其進(jìn)行介紹，但介紹本身不重要，繼續(xù)往后看到but，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)折之后是重點(diǎn)，the gains are not sustained through the third grade.意思是成果“戰(zhàn)斗力不足、不持久”，所以選A。
53. When does the author think pre-K works the best?
A. When it is accessible to kids of all families
B. When it is made part of kid’s education
C. When it is no longer considered a luxury.
D. When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids
答案：B
原文：Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn’t be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child’s schooling. I lean toward the latter view.
難度：中
解析：題干問(wèn)，作者認(rèn)為pre-K學(xué)前教育什么時(shí)候效果好？根據(jù)順序原則可以定位到原文第5段，來(lái)看一下這一段結(jié)構(gòu)，作者開頭就說(shuō)Pre-K是有爭(zhēng)議的，然后給出了兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，然后作者表了態(tài)，說(shuō)I lean toward the latter view我傾向于后一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而后一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)如果和孩子的學(xué)校教育結(jié)合的話，Pre-K就會(huì)成功，所以答案就應(yīng)該選B（當(dāng)Pre-K成為孩子教育的一部分）
54 What do we learn about Mayor Meagan Barry?
- She knows the real goal of education
- She is a mayor of insight and vision.
- She has once run a pre-K program.
- She is a firm supporter of pre-K.
答案：A
難度：易
原文：This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. This important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.
解析：根據(jù)題干中的人名Mayor Megan Barry可以很快定位到原文第5段，當(dāng)Mayor Megan Barry出現(xiàn)時(shí)，原文對(duì)她的身份進(jìn)行的介紹，介紹本身不重要，所以往后讀，This important thing…后面的內(nèi)容提示我們，答案一定與real goal有關(guān)，看一下選項(xiàng)，只有A對(duì)。
55. What does the author think is critical to kid’s education?
A. Teaching method.
B. Kids’ interest.
C. Early intervention
D. Parents’ involvement.
答案：A
難度：中
原文：For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.
根據(jù)以上解析，我們清楚的看到，大部分的仔細(xì)閱讀題，主要還是靠定位，此處附上定位的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)步驟以及仔細(xì)閱讀的做法：
定位方法
讀題干，劃出定位詞(名詞(專名)/人名/引言/關(guān)鍵性動(dòng)詞/原因/三個(gè)為佳)，然后按照順序原則(即第一題對(duì)應(yīng)第一段，以此類推)定位到原文的相應(yīng)段落，然后精讀/分析，后答題。
仔細(xì)閱讀做法
①先讀題，了解題干信息→②劃定位詞（大寫/人名/關(guān)鍵性動(dòng)詞/名詞）→③按順序原則回原文定位，找到區(qū)間，答案不跨段，一定在定位區(qū)間附近，所以上讀讀，下讀讀→④根據(jù)區(qū)間分析選項(xiàng)→⑤綜合運(yùn)用閱讀文章的技巧和排除法
記憶重要的特征詞
表遞進(jìn)Also/ still/ besides/ except/ in addition/ additionally/ what’s more/ moreover/ furthermore/ in particular/ particularly/ especially/ specially;
表因果because/since/reason/factor/given to/ due to/owing to thanks to/ So/therefore/thereby/hence/thus/as a result/ in a word/ finally/ consequently/
表解釋that is/that is to say/that means/I mean/in other words
專家Experts/Professor/Researcher/Scientist/artist/psychologist
表轉(zhuǎn)折but / however / yet / nevertheless / on the contrary / whereas
表讓步although / though / even if / even though / despite / in spite of
其他特征詞Recently/today/be called as/be known as/define/stress/focus/research indicates/study suggests/found that
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