1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的影響或表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：

　　I have finished my work. 我的工作干完了。

　　Luckily, I have read the book before. 幸好我以前看過(guò)這本書。

　　I have almost finished the book. 這本書我?guī)缀跻呀?jīng)看完了。

　　And because of that, we have come to see you. 因此我們就來(lái)找你了。

　　We have used both written and aural material. 我們使用了書面和聽(tīng)的材料。

　　She has been away on a long trip. 她離家作長(zhǎng)途旅行去了。

　　He has behaved very badly to you. 他待你很不好。

　　The storm has lasted for three hours. 暴雨已經(jīng)持續(xù)了三個(gè)鐘頭了。

　　2. 經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)有 already, just, so far, in the last [past] few years, it is the first time that, for five years, since 1980 等。如：

　　I've known her for a long time. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

　　I've already posted your letters. 我已把你的信發(fā)掉了。

　　So far there has been no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒(méi)有壞消息。

　　Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 自那以后，它養(yǎng)成了另一種環(huán)習(xí)慣。

　　注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或 when 連用。