新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson139~144課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson139~140課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
GRAHAM TURNER: Is that you, John?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, speaking.
GRAHAM TURNER: Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening.
JOHN SMITH: I'm afraid I don't understand.
GRAHAM TURNER: Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening. I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work. I'll have to stay at the office. I don't know when I'll finish. Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
JOHN SMITH: I don't know what you're talking about.
GRAHAM TURNER: That is John Smith, isn't it?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, I'm John Smith.
GRAHAM TURNER: You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
JOHN SMITH: That's right.
GRAHAM TURNER: You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you?
JOHN SMITH: No, I don't. I'm John Smith the telephone engineer and I'm repairing your telephone line.
【課文翻譯】
格雷厄姆·特納:是你嗎,約翰?
約翰·史密斯:是我,請(qǐng)講。
格雷厄姆·特納:你告訴瑪麗,今晚吃飯我們將晚到一會(huì)兒。
約翰·史密斯:恐怕我還不明白您的意思。
格雷厄姆·特納:瑪麗沒(méi)有告訴你嗎?她邀請(qǐng)我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。我說(shuō)過(guò)我6點(diǎn)到你家,但老板要我加班。我不得不留在辦公室,不知道什么時(shí)候才能結(jié)束。喔,順便問(wèn)一句,我妻子想知道瑪麗是否需要幫忙。
約翰·史密斯:我不知道您在說(shuō)些什么。
格雷厄姆·特納:你是約翰·史密斯,對(duì)嗎?
約翰·史密斯:是的,我是約翰·史密斯。
格雷厄姆,特納:你是工程師約翰·史密斯,對(duì)嗎?
約翰·史密斯:對(duì)。
格雷厄姆·特納:你在海外工程公司上班,是嗎?
約翰·史密斯:不,不是。我是電話(huà)工程師約翰·史密斯,我正在修理您的電話(huà)線(xiàn)。
【生詞】
extra adj. 額外的
company n. 公司
overseas adj. 海外的,國(guó)外的
line n. 線(xiàn)路
engineering n. 工程
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
(一)單詞擴(kuò)展
1)extra adj. 多余的,額外的
短語(yǔ):an extra charge 額外的費(fèi)用
extra train 加班火車(chē)
也可作名詞,表示額外的事物;臨時(shí)演員
We need hundreds of extras for this scene。
我們需要數(shù)百名臨時(shí)演員拍這場(chǎng)戲。
2)overseas adj. 國(guó)外的,海外的
overseas students 留學(xué)生
也可作副詞,表示在國(guó)外,出國(guó),跟abroad是近義詞。
He wants to live overseas.
他想去海外定居。
3) by the way 固定短語(yǔ)搭配 “順便問(wèn)一句”
拓展:in the / sb's. way 妨礙,擋著...的路
in a way / in one way 在某種程度上,不完全地
on the way 即將發(fā)生,在路上
4)engineering n. 工程技術(shù);工程學(xué)
the school of engineering 大學(xué)里的工學(xué)院
civil engineering 土木工程
He is studying civil engineering in Tsinghua University.
他在清華大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)土木工程。
engineer n. 工程師
(二)【語(yǔ)法講解】
1. 本課中出現(xiàn)了好幾次反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句是口語(yǔ)中常用的一種句子形式,一般由兩部分組成,即“陳述句+附加疑問(wèn)句”。陳述句的謂語(yǔ)含有動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞,附加疑問(wèn)句助動(dòng)詞要重復(fù)這些詞,且前半部分為肯定時(shí),后半部分要否定;反之,如果陳述句為否定,則附加疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。
It's a fine day, isn't it?
今天天氣不錯(cuò),是吧?
2. 今天的對(duì)話(huà)是在電話(huà)中進(jìn)行的,那么電話(huà)中有什么特定表達(dá)呢?
Is that you, John?
Yes, speaking.
這兩句話(huà)是朋友間打電話(huà)時(shí)的常用語(yǔ)。speaking 可譯作“請(qǐng)講”,
3. Tell Mary we'll be late...
句中we will be late...是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,作動(dòng)詞tell的賓語(yǔ)。這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。
4. She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening.
她邀請(qǐng)我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。
在英語(yǔ)中,為了表示客氣常常把其他人的姓名放在“我”之前,請(qǐng)注意中英文不同的語(yǔ)序。
5. I don't know when I'll finish.
這也是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中的引導(dǎo)詞when不能省略。類(lèi)似的句子還有:My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help; I don't know what you're talking about等。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson141~142課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why was the mother embarrassed?
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. ‘Hello, little girl,’ she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact. She then began to make up her face. ‘Why are you doing that?’ Sally asked. ‘To make myself beautiful,’ the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. ‘But you are still ugly,’ Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!
【課文翻譯】
聽(tīng)錄音,然后回答問(wèn)題。為什么母親感到很尷尬?
上周,我4歲的女兒薩莉被邀請(qǐng)去參加一個(gè)兒童聚會(huì)。我決定帶她乘火車(chē)去。薩莉非常激動(dòng),因?yàn)樗龔奈闯诉^(guò)火車(chē)。她靠車(chē)窗坐著,對(duì)她所看到的一切都要問(wèn)個(gè)明白。突然,一個(gè)中年婦女上了火車(chē),坐在薩莉的對(duì)面。 “你好,小姑娘,”她說(shuō)。薩莉沒(méi)回答,卻好奇地看著她。那位婦女穿著一件藍(lán)色的大衣,戴著一頂大而滑稽的帽子;疖(chē)開(kāi)出車(chē)站后,那位婦女打開(kāi)了手提包,拿出了粉盒。然后她開(kāi)始打扮起來(lái)!澳銥槭裁匆菢幼瞿?”薩莉問(wèn)。“為了把自己打扮漂亮啊,”那位婦女答道。她放好了粉盒,慈祥地微笑著。“可是你仍然難看呀,”薩莉說(shuō)。薩莉感到很有趣,而我卻很尷尬。
【生詞】
excited adj. 興奮的
compact n. 帶鏡的化妝盒
get on 登上
kindly adv. 和藹地
middle-aged adj. 中年的
ugly adj. 丑陋的
opposite prep. 在......對(duì)面
amused adj. 有趣的
curiously adv. 好奇地
smile v. 微笑
funny adj. 可笑的,滑稽的
embarrassed adj. 尷尬的,窘迫的
powder n. 香粉
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
(一)單詞擴(kuò)展
1)decide v. 對(duì)......做出抉擇,決定;影響......的結(jié)果
例句:I can't decide what to wear.
我拿不定主意穿什么。
decide on /upon sth. 決定,選定
2)compact
這個(gè)詞既可作名詞,也可作形容詞,還可作動(dòng)詞
、僮髅~ 表示帶鏡小粉盒,也可在口語(yǔ)中表協(xié)議,合約。
、谧餍稳菰~ 表示袖珍的,體積小的,緊湊的
a compact camera 袖珍照相機(jī)
③作動(dòng)詞 把......緊壓在一起
3)get on 登上,乘上(指乘車(chē),飛機(jī),或船)
4)embarrassed adj. (猶指在社交場(chǎng)合)窘迫的,尷尬的
句型:be embarrased about /at sth.
be embarrassed to do sth.
financially embarrassed (口語(yǔ))拮據(jù)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的
例句:He felt embarrassed at being the center of attention.
他因自己成為眾人注目的中心而感到尷尬。
(二)【語(yǔ)法講解】
1. my four-year-old daughter 我那四歲的女兒
four-year-old 是名詞daughter的定語(yǔ),常常用連字符連在一起,組成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞。注意在這個(gè)復(fù)合詞中僅用year,而不用復(fù)數(shù)。
同類(lèi)型的詞還有a five-year plan 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃 a three-day holiday 三天的假期
2. Sally, was invited to a children's party.
這是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。在英文中,如果想要避免用含混不清的詞(如someone等)作主語(yǔ),常常可使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有相應(yīng)的be動(dòng)詞加上過(guò)去分詞組成。
3. she had never travelled on a train before.
副詞before通常用于完成時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí))的句子里,ago用在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里。
4. be dressed in... 穿戴......
例句:He is dressed in a blue T-shirt and looks energetic.
他今天穿了件藍(lán)色T-恤,看起來(lái)很有活力。
5. make up her face, 往她的臉上施脂粉。
6. make myself beautiful, 把自己打扮漂亮
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson143~144課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【課文翻譯】
聽(tīng)錄音,然后回答問(wèn)題。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹(shù)林環(huán)繞的古老小鎮(zhèn)上。這是一個(gè)的風(fēng)景勝地。每逢星期天,有許許多多人從城里來(lái)觀(guān)賞我們的小鎮(zhèn),并在樹(shù)林中散步。游客已被告知要保持樹(shù)林的整潔。樹(shù)下都已設(shè)置了廢物筐,但是人們?nèi)缘教幦永。上星期三我到?shù)林里去散步。我所見(jiàn)到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。我數(shù)了一下,有7輛舊汽車(chē)和3個(gè)舊冰箱。廢物筐是空的,而滿(mǎn)地都是紙片、煙頭、舊輪胎、空瓶子和生銹的空罐頭盒。在垃圾堆中我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊牌子,上面寫(xiě)著:“凡在此樹(shù)林里丟棄垃圾者,將依法處置!
【生詞】
surround v. 包圍
place v. 放
wood n.樹(shù)林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔,拋
beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 數(shù),點(diǎn)
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆蓋
through prep. 穿過(guò)
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 參觀(guān)者,游客,來(lái)訪(fǎng)者
tyre n. 輪胎
tidy adj. 整齊的
rusty adj. 生銹的
litter n. 雜亂的東西
among prep. 在......之間
litter basket 廢物筐
prosecute v. 依法處置
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
(一)單詞擴(kuò)展
1)surround vt. 包圍,環(huán)繞,圍繞 n. 圍繞物
例句:Trees surround our house.
我們房子的四周都是樹(shù)。
surrounding既是surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,也是一個(gè)詞。 n. 環(huán)境 a. 周?chē)?/p>
例句:Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周?chē)霓r(nóng)田漸漸變成了住宅區(qū)。
2)wood n. 木頭;木材;木柴; 森林,樹(shù)林
例句:You should put some more wood in the fire.
你應(yīng)該再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
spot 這個(gè)詞含義很豐富,比如n. 污點(diǎn),地點(diǎn),斑點(diǎn),點(diǎn),缺點(diǎn),處境,少量
a. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)貨買(mǎi)賣(mài)的
vt.1. 點(diǎn)綴;2.發(fā)現(xiàn);3.看見(jiàn),看到,注意到
scenic spot 風(fēng)景名勝
例句:The city is famed for its scenic spots.
該市以風(fēng)景優(yōu)美著稱(chēng)。
4)cover 這個(gè)詞意思也很豐富,既可作動(dòng)詞,又可作名詞。
n. 蓋子,封面,藉口,報(bào)道
vt. 覆蓋,掩飾,保護(hù),掩護(hù),包括
vi. 覆蓋;翻唱
例句:The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆蓋著。
5)litter n. 垃圾,雜亂 vt. 亂丟
例句:There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到處都是扔的垃圾。
litter與rubbish的區(qū)別
rubbish: 普通用詞,指任何成堆的、破損的、用過(guò)的或無(wú)用的東西,尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下亂丟物品的總稱(chēng),尤指散落于地,有礙觀(guān)瞻的廢物。
6)prosecute vt. 起訴, 告發(fā), 從事, 徹底進(jìn)行
例句:He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告發(fā)超速行駛。
(二)【課文講解】
1. 大家在看課文的過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),今天的課文中多次出現(xiàn)be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞這種形式,這就是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式。
被動(dòng)式不等于過(guò)去分詞,確切的說(shuō),應(yīng)該是“Be+過(guò)去分詞”,例如,give的被動(dòng)式,就應(yīng)該是be given。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。
一起來(lái)看看下面幾個(gè)句子。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) He cleans the room .
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑問(wèn)句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆蓋......
例句: The roof is covered with snow.
屋頂被雪覆蓋了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主語(yǔ)what I saw 是一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
例句:What I did surprised him.
他對(duì)我的行為感到驚訝。
4. I found a sign which said...
這里的said不當(dāng)“說(shuō)”講,而是“寫(xiě)著......”。
例句:It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上寫(xiě)著作業(yè)必須在周二前交。