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新概念英語第二冊學(xué)習筆記Lesson94
1. Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. 實驗證明，兒童在很小的時候就可以開始學(xué)習游泳。
1)Instruct vt.教授 ; 命令
instruct sb. in english教某人英語
Instruct sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往紐約。
teach最普通用詞，含義廣泛。指直接教某人知識或技能等，側(cè)重傳播知識和幫助應(yīng)用知識。
instruct與teach含義很接近，但語體較正式。指系統(tǒng)、詳細、精心地傳播知識，側(cè)重教授與指示。
2)at a very early age 這是一個固定的搭配，“ 在很小的時候”。年齡的表達還有很多種形式，例如：“他20歲”
He is twenty.
He is twenty years old.
He is a twenty-year-old man.
He is aged twenty. (age可用作動詞)
He is at age twenty.
He is at the age of twenty.
He is twenty years of age.
表示“在某人幾十多歲”，用“in one's +基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”，例如：
他七十多歲。He is in his seventies.(從70歲到79歲之間)
她五十多歲。She is in her fifties.(從50歲到59歲之間)
2. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. 在洛杉磯的一個特設(shè)的游泳池里，孩子們甚至在還沒有學(xué)會走路時就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。
句型： before 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，譯為“在…之前…”。
1)expert表示“熟練者”、“專家”， 后面通常跟at/in/on sth/doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)
He was an expert in reproducing of ancient pictures.
他是一個臨摹古畫的能手
The scientist is an expert in the field of Biochemistry.
這位科學(xué)家是生化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的專家
2)hold one's breath 為固定短語，表示“屏住呼吸”：
Hold your breath for a few seconds.
屏息幾秒鐘。
out of breath:上氣不接下氣
She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.
爬樓梯使她上氣不接下氣的。
waste one's breath;白費口舌
Don't waste your breath on him.
不要對他白費唇舌。
in one breath:片刻
Several students made the request in one breath.
好幾個學(xué)生同時提出這個要求。
3. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。
1)句型：It is not long before… “不久…”“很快…”
It will not be a long time before we finish this dictionary.
我們用不了多長時間就能把這部詞典編完。
so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞
He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.
他氣得話都說不出來。
2)be accustomed to(=be used to doing) 表示“習慣于”、“適應(yīng)…”后面通常跟名詞或動名詞：
I'm accustomed to cold weather.
我習慣了冷天氣。
accustom oneself to sth./doing sth.“使自己養(yǎng)成...的習慣”，“使自己適應(yīng)…”
She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)讓自己養(yǎng)成早起的習慣是很必要的。
4. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. 這些幼小的游泳運動員非常喜愛的一種游戲是水下三輪車比賽。
句型： that 引導(dǎo)定語從句(that is very popular with these young swimmers)修飾 a game。
1)be popular with(among)“ 受…的歡迎”，“為…所喜愛”
Mary is popular with / among children.
瑪麗受孩子們的歡迎。
2) tricycle = tri+ cycle 三輪車
常見的拉丁數(shù)字前綴：
One – uni – unique 獨特的(); uniform 制服
Two – bi/du- bicycle自行車(兩個輪子);bilingual 雙語的; dual 二重的
Three- tri- triangle 三角形
Four - quadr/quart - quadruple 四倍
Five – quint- quintuple 五倍;quincentenary 五百周年紀念的
Six - sex- sexangle 六邊形; sextet 六重奏
Seven - sept- septangle 七邊形 ;septennial 七年一度的
Eight - octa- octopus 章魚(章魚有八條腿); octapod 章魚類生物
Nine - non- nonagon 九邊形 ;nonet 九重奏; nonuple 九倍
Ten - deci- decimalism 十進制; decimeter 十米
Half - semi- simicircle 半圓 ;semicolonial 半殖民地
Many - multi- multitude 多數(shù)，大量;multimedia 多媒體
Hundred - cent- century 世紀; centigrade 度
5. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他們將來是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時間來作出回答。
1)Whether 引導(dǎo)的從句，是tell 賓語，正常語序為“only time will tell whether they …”
賓語從句置于句首，表示強調(diào)。通常，以疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句會用于這種句型：
Whether she will come or not , no one knows.
她是否會來，沒有人知道。
2)whether 和 if的區(qū)別
(1)whether 和 if 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時一般可以通用：
I don't care whether/if it will rain or not.
(2)當后面跟 or not 時，只能用whether.
I don't care whether or not it will rain.
(3)賓語從句放置句首是，用 whether ，不用if
Whether it is true or not, I can't say.
這個是真是假，我無法斷言
(4)在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，用whether:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
這完全取決于他們是否支持我們
(5)用if 會引起歧義的時，用whether:
please let me know if you want come.
請通知我你是否想來/如果你想來請通知我們(歧義)
Please let me know whether you want to come.
請通知我你是否想來
(6)其它幾種只用whether的情況：引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句和讓步狀語從句;引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(例3);后接動詞不定式時。
新概念英語第二冊學(xué)習筆記Lesson95
1. When the Ambassador or Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. 當艾斯卡羅比亞國的大使回到家吃午飯時，把他的夫人嚇了一跳。
Japan's ambassador to China 日本駐華大使
Embassy of Japan in China日本駐華大使館
2. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
mess 表示“臟亂狀態(tài)”時通常與in連用或與 get into連用，get into such a mess“一塌糊涂”。
Why was your hair in such a mess?
你的頭發(fā)怎么會那么亂?
Your bedroom is totally in a mess.
你的臥室簡直一團糟。
mess動詞把…弄亂，作此意時，多數(shù)會和up連用，to mess up指把什么東西弄壞，陷入困境
I was used to him messing up the kitchen.
我對他把廚房弄臟已經(jīng)習慣了
Don't let alcohol or drug mess up your brain.
不要讓酒精和毒品毀掉你的頭腦。
If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.
如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的錯，因此不要為我們的錯誤發(fā)牢騷，從中吸取教訓(xùn)吧。
3. University students set the Embassy on fire this morning. 今天上午大學(xué)生們放火點著了大使館。
set… on fire/set fire to sth 縱火，引起點火或燃燒
The police found out the criminal who had set the cinema on fire yesterday.
警察查出了昨天縱火燒電*的犯人。
In 1834, someone set fire to the Houses of Parliament.
1834年，有人放火點著了國會大廈。
4. 'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. “我和往常一樣，在辦公室里，”大使回答說�！暗叵率彝蝗恢�，我當然馬上下去了�！�
break out (=begin suddenly) 火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭、火山、地震爆等“突然發(fā)生”、“爆發(fā)”
In the world anti-Facist wars,the Sino-Japanese war was the first to break out and lasted the longest.
在這場世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭中，中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭開始最早、持續(xù)時間最長。
5. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'“我當然馬上下去了。但那個傻瓜霍斯特把滅火器對準了我。他認為是我著火了。我一定要把那個家伙打發(fā)走�！�
aim的用法說明 ：
1) 不管用作名詞還是動詞，其后均常接介詞 at
He aimed hisgun at the bird, but did not fire.
他用槍瞄準鳥，但沒開槍。
He took aim at the bird, but missed.
他向鳥瞄準，但沒射中。
有時其后也接介詞 for, 表示希望達到某個目標：
We should aimfor the best results.
我們要力爭獲得的結(jié)果
2) 其后接不定式，表示“想要做某事” (有時可與aim at doing互換)：
He aims to become (=at becoming) a computer expert.
他想成為計算機專家
3) 用作名詞，表示“目的”、“目標”等，是可數(shù)名詞;表示“瞄準”，是不可數(shù)名詞：
John has only one aim in life --- to be amillionaire.
約翰的人生只有一個目標，就是成為百萬富翁
Takecareful aim at the target.
仔細瞄準
4) “實現(xiàn)目標”在英語中要用動詞 achieve, 一般不用 reach：
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要讓每個人都有機會實現(xiàn)自己的目標。
新概念英語第二冊學(xué)習筆記Lesson96
1. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. 這個節(jié)日是個歡樂的日子，因為在這一天，據(jù)說死去的人要回到他們的家里來，活著的人則對他們表示歡迎。
(1)the dead與the living 均為定冠詞+ 形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某類人。
(2)被動句， 主動形式 the living say the dead will return to their home and they show their welcome.
2. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. 因為預(yù)料到他們在經(jīng)過長途旅行之后會感到饑餓，所以為他們擺放好了食品。
as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，as從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果。
As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
由于他英語懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個單詞。
除此as 還可以引導(dǎo)
(1)時間狀語從句：as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他趕快回家，不時地一邊走一邊向后看。
(2)方式狀語從句：此處as譯為，按照或正如
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的畫一只貓。
(3)讓步狀語從句：as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語氣強，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。
(4)比較狀語從句：連詞表示同程度級的比較，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as，從屬連詞有as…as, not so/as…as, the same…as, such…as。
Mary is as old as my sister.
瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。
He doesn't run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那樣快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的書和我的一樣。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。
Lay out 其含義之一為“擺出”、“攤開”：
Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.
他剛把書攤開電話就響了。
3. specially-made lanterns，特制的燈籠。
specially-made 是個復(fù)合形容詞，由副詞+過去分詞構(gòu)成。
well-known 的
well-preserved 保存/保養(yǎng)得好的
4. All night long(=during the whole night)整個夜晚， all day long (= all the day)整天
long 在這里是副詞，表示“整個”、“在整段期間中”，通常與 all 連用：
She stayed with her grandfather all summer long.
她整個夏天都和她爺爺呆在一起。
5. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 成千上萬只燈籠慢慢漂向大海，指引著亡靈返回另一個世界。
The other world 另一個世界
Many people believe that when they die they will go to the other world.
許多人們相信，他們離開人世會去另一個世界。
hereafter 來世
Do you believe in the hereafter?
你是否相信有來世?
