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新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson23課文翻譯及詞匯

　　Bird flight

　　鳥的飛行方法

　　What are the two main types of bird flight described by the author?

　　No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any shi that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, Which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition. In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with such-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.

　　WILLIAM BEACH THOMAS A Countryman's Creed

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

　　albatross

　　n. 信天翁

　　sustenance

　　n. 支撐力

　　glider

　　n. 滑翔者

　　harness

　　v. 利用

　　endow

　　v. 賦有

　　ply

　　v. 不斷地供給

　　gale

　　n. 大風(fēng)

　　partridge

　　n. 鷓鴣

　　like

　　adj. 類似的

　　propulsion

　　n. 推進(jìn)力

　　utter

　　adj. 完全的

　　slip

　　v. 滑行

　　adverse

　　adj. 逆的，相反的

　　omen

　　n. 預(yù)兆

　　參考譯文

　　沒(méi)有任何兩種鳥的飛行方式是相同的。鳥的飛行方式千差萬(wàn)別，但大體上可分為兩類。任何一艘橫度太平洋的輪船都會(huì)有一種小信天翁伴隨飛行許多天。它們隨船飛行一小時(shí)也難得見其扇動(dòng)一下翅膀。沿船體的上升的氣流和沿航線向前的氣流給這種巨翼大鳥以足夠的浮力和推力。信天翁是滑翔飛行的鳥類，它能自如地駕馭空氣，但必須順氣流飛行。與滑翔鳥相對(duì)的另一類鳥中，數(shù)野鴨本領(lǐng)高。它更近乎于人類自夸的“征服”了空氣的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。野鴨及它們相似的鴿子有天賦的鋼鐵般的肌肉，占了體重的很大一部分。這些肌肉以巨大的力量扇動(dòng)短小的翅膀，使這類鳥能頂著大風(fēng)飛行很遠(yuǎn)的路才會(huì)疲勞。次于野鴨和鴿子的鳥，如鷓鴣，有相似的巨大推動(dòng)力，但很快會(huì)疲勞。如果海風(fēng)驅(qū)使它們飛行很長(zhǎng)距離，你可以撿到一些因筋疲力盡而摔下來(lái)的鷓鴣。燕子充分兼有這兩類鳥的長(zhǎng)處，它既不疲勞，也不炫耀自己的飛翔力;在空中十分自如，可以飛行6，000英里，可以飛往北方做窩的老家，再?gòu)睦霞绎w回;一邊飛一邊喂養(yǎng)會(huì)飛的雛燕，甚至在頂風(fēng)時(shí)也能在氣流中滑翔，似乎氣流在幫它前進(jìn)。這些鳥對(duì)我們是有益的，雖然我們不再?gòu)乃鼈兊娘w翔姿態(tài)來(lái)占卜吉兇，連迷信的村民也不再對(duì)喜鵲脫帽行禮，祝它早安了。

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson24課文翻譯及詞匯

　　Beatuy

　　美

　　what do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?

　　a young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond. it is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. and, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

　　that all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. in some moods, nature shares it. there is no sky in june so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret. but, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us. if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. if we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.

　　new words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

　　intense

　　adj. 強(qiáng)烈的

　　aesthetic

　　adj. 審美的

　　realm

　　n. 世界

　　serenity

　　n. 靜謐

　　undeniable

　　adj. 不可否認(rèn)的

　　indefinable

　　adj. 模糊不清的

　　vulgar

　　adj. 平庸的

　　radiance

　　n. 發(fā)光

　　intimation

　　n. 暗示

　　unutterable

　　adj. 不可言傳的

　　invest

　　v. 賦予

　　參考譯文

　　一個(gè)年輕人看到日落，由于無(wú)法理解和表達(dá)日落在他心中喚起的激情，便得出結(jié)論：日落處想必是通往遙遠(yuǎn)世界的大門。無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，在強(qiáng)烈感受到美的時(shí)刻，心中都不禁油生一種遐想：我們似乎瞥見從另一個(gè)世界射向我們的一線光芒，那個(gè)世界不僅不同于我們這個(gè)世界，而且由于美感的強(qiáng)烈感染，在某些方面比我們這個(gè)世界更美好。雖然這光芒令人眼花繚亂，但它確實(shí)給予我們一種不曾經(jīng)歷和無(wú)法想象的美感和靜謐的啟示。這種美感和靜謐是我們無(wú)法描述的，因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)明的語(yǔ)言是用來(lái)描述這個(gè)世界的含義，不能隨便拿來(lái)去描述另一個(gè)世界。

　　不可否認(rèn)，一切偉大的藝術(shù)都具有使人遐想到進(jìn)入天外世界的魅力。在某種狀態(tài)下，大自然也有這種魅力。六月蔚藍(lán)的天空總使人遙想一個(gè)更加蔚藍(lán)的蒼穹;美麗的落日總會(huì)引起一個(gè)更加絢麗的景象未及飽覽便一閃即逝，并在消逝中給人留下不可名狀的渴望和惆悵。如果這個(gè)世界不只是一個(gè)拙劣的惡作劇，如果人生不只是群星寒光中平凡的一閃，如果存在不只是對(duì)神秘事物的一種空虛的笑聲，如果某種玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的*情緒，也不是魔鬼為了捉弄我們，使我們發(fā)狂而送給我們的邪念，一句話，如果美有某種意義的話，我閃千萬(wàn)不要去闡明它的意義。如果我瞥見了只可意會(huì)不可言傳的事物，企圖把它說(shuō)出來(lái)，那上不明智的;對(duì)于我們不理解的事物，我們也不應(yīng)該去賦予它某種意義。用對(duì)我們?nèi)祟愑幸饬x的詞解釋美是沒(méi)有意義的。

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson25課文翻譯及詞匯

　　Non-auditory effects of noise

　　噪音的非聽覺(jué)效應(yīng)

　　What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece? May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit

　　the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This isa pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.

　　One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that onemerely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and ersecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.

　　What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard.

　　D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

　　auditory

　　adj. 聽覺(jué)的

　　inadequate

　　adj. 不適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

　　plea

　　n. 要求

　　abatement

　　n. 減少

　　discredit

　　v. 懷疑

　　allegation

　　n. 斷言

　　caption

　　n. 插圖說(shuō)明

　　wreck

　　n. 殘廢人

　　snag

　　n. 疑難之處，障礙

　　anecdote

　　n. 軼聞

　　slander

　　v. 誹謗

　　persecute

　　v. *

　　squadron

　　n. 中隊(duì)

　　psychiatric

　　adj. 精神病學(xué)的

　　diagnosis

　　n. 診所

　　orphanage

　　n. 孤兒院

　　參考譯文

　　在工業(yè)部門工作和在軍隊(duì)中服役的許多人對(duì)噪聲音有切身的體會(huì)，他們認(rèn)為對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行調(diào)查中浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，甚至不愿承認(rèn)噪音可能對(duì)人有影響。另一方面，那些討厭噪音的人有時(shí)會(huì)用不充分的證據(jù)來(lái)支持他們希望有一個(gè)較為安靜的社會(huì)環(huán)境的要求。要求減少噪音是件好事，但是如果與拙劣的科學(xué)摻雜在一起的話，就不會(huì)被人們所信任，這是很遺憾的。

　　常見的一種指責(zé)是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，近一家周報(bào)刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插圖，是一位表情沮喪的女子。圖的文字說(shuō)明：“她是又一個(gè)受害者，成了只會(huì)尖叫的可憐蟲�！碑�(dāng)人們急切地看完正文后，便知道這女子是個(gè)打字員，辦公室打字機(jī)的聲音使她越來(lái)越煩，終住進(jìn)了精神病醫(yī)院。這類奇聞的疑難之處是無(wú)法區(qū)別因果關(guān)系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢，還是(精神)病的癥狀之一是對(duì)噪音的抱怨?另有一位病人可能同樣有理由抱怨說(shuō)，她的鄰居們正在聯(lián)合起來(lái)對(duì)她進(jìn)行誹謗和*，不過(guò)，人們不會(huì)輕信她的抱怨。

　　對(duì)于噪音問(wèn)題，需要對(duì)大量生活在噪音中的人進(jìn)行研究，看一看他們是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美國(guó)海軍前些時(shí)候調(diào)查了許多在航空母航上工作的人，這次調(diào)查被稱之為：“安內(nèi)英工程”。即使住在離機(jī)場(chǎng)幾英里以外的地方，機(jī)場(chǎng)的噪音也會(huì)使人難受。因此，如果你能想像出和幾個(gè)中隊(duì)的噴氣機(jī)同在一個(gè)甲板上是什么滋味兒的話，你就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)代海軍是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管進(jìn)行精神病學(xué)的調(diào)查訪問(wèn)，還是進(jìn)行客觀的測(cè)試，都不能顯示噪音對(duì)這些美國(guó)水兵有任何影響。這個(gè)結(jié)果只不過(guò)證實(shí)了美國(guó)和英國(guó)早些時(shí)候的研究結(jié)論：如果噪音對(duì)精神健康有影響的話，那也一定是微乎其微，以致現(xiàn)代的精神病診斷方法還發(fā)現(xiàn)不了。這并不是證實(shí)不存在噪音對(duì)健康的影響。但它確實(shí)說(shuō)明，噪音的危險(xiǎn)性， 比如說(shuō)，比在孤兒院長(zhǎng)大所受的危害要小一些，孤兒院才是真正危害精神健康的地方。