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新概念英語第一冊Lesson115~116語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
不定代詞
(1)every(每一),no(無),any(若干)及some(一些)可與one,thing構成復合代詞,與where構成復合副詞。不定代詞可作主語、賓語和表語。
A作主語:
這些代詞作主語時都作單數(shù)看待,因此使用單數(shù)謂語動詞。
Everyone is asleep.
大家都睡了。
Everything is untidy.
一切都亂糟糟的。
Nobody has told me about it.
沒有人告訴過我有關這件事的情況。
B作賓語:
I've got nothing to wear.
我沒有穿的衣服了。
I've heard nothing.
我沒聽到什么動靜。
I saw no one.
我誰也沒有看到。
C作表語:
There's nothing on the shelf.
架子上什么也沒有。
There's somebody in the garden.
花園里有個人。
That's nothing.
那沒什么。
(2)與some與any的用法一樣,somebody/ someone/ something/ somewhere一般用于肯定句; anybody/ anyone/ anything/ anywhere用于疑問句與否定句;nothing/ nobody/ no one/ nowhere相當于 not anything/ anybody/ anyone/ anywhere:
Someone is asking to see you.
有人要求見你。
There's something under that chair!
那個椅子下有個什么東西!
I don't know anyone here.
這兒我誰也不認識。
Is there anything on this shelf?
這個架子上有什么東西嗎?
I went nowhere.(=I didn't go anywhere.)
我哪兒也沒去。
I saw no one.(=I didn't see anyone.)
我誰也沒看到。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.invite v.
(1)邀請:
We're inviting our colleagues to the party.
我們將邀請我們的同事參加這個聚會。
I hate people who invite themselves.
我討厭不請自來的客人。
(2)請求;要求:
We invite readers' letters for this magazine.
本雜志歡迎讀者來信。
The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience.
演講者稍停了一下,似乎在期待聽眾們提出問題。
2.joke
(1)v.開玩笑:
She's only joking with you.
她只是在跟你開玩笑。
(2)v.取笑:
Aren't you joking me?
你不是在取笑我吧?
(3)n.玩笑;笑話:
The whole thing was a complete joke.
整件事完全是個笑話。
Don't get angry——it was only a joke!
別生氣——那只是一個玩笑而已。
新概念英語第一冊Lesson117~118語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
過去進行時
構成: be的過去式+現(xiàn)在分詞。
過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的情況或動作。過去進行時和一般過去時經(jīng)常在同一個句子里使用。過去進行時表示過去正在進行的情況或動作,一般過去時 則表示比較短暫的動作或事件。過去進行時的時間狀語從句一般由when,while及(just)as等來引導,說明主句中動作發(fā)生時的背景。此外,可用 while或 at the time等強調(diào)同時進行的兩種或幾種動作。請看例句:
When I was doing the housework, my husband telephoned me from the office.
當我正在干家務時,我丈夫從辦公室打電話給我。
While I was listening to the stereo, my mother came into the room.
我正在聽立體聲節(jié)目時,我母親進房間了。
Just as she was cleaning her shoes, George knocked at the door.
她正在擦鞋時,喬治敲門了。
While I was cooking the dinner ,he was working in the garden.
我做飯時,他正在花園里勞作。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.swallow v.
(1)吞下,咽下:
Tommy had swallowed the coins.
湯米把硬幣吞下去了。
(2)抑制,使不流露:
I tried hard to swallow my doubts.
我強忍著不露出懷疑的神色。
She swallowed a smile and sat there still.
她忍住沒笑,靜靜地坐在那里。
(3)吞并;侵吞:
Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year.
我們公司去年被一家美國公司吞并了。
Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War Ⅱ.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,納粹德國幾乎吞并了整個歐洲。
2.ring v.
(1)鳴響;發(fā)出清脆的響聲:
When I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
我正開前門時,電話鈴響了。
Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didn't ring at 7 o'clock as usual.
昨天早上,我的鬧鐘沒像往常那樣在7點鐘鬧。
(2)打電話;按鈴:
You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didn't.
你說過你昨晚會給我打電話的,然而你并沒有打。
Somebody is ringing the doorbell.
有人在按門鈴。
新概念英語第一冊Lesson119~120語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
過去完成時
構成: had +過去分詞。
過去完成時主要用于表示兩個事件中一個發(fā)生在前,或者說是表示較早的過去。常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞,如 already(已經(jīng)), ever(曾經(jīng)),for +表示時間段的詞,just(剛剛)和never(從未)也常與過去完成時連用,以強調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序。有時我們不一定非得用過去完成時表示先發(fā)生的 事件,因為意思十分清楚,如:
After I finished ,I went home.
我做完后就回家了。
請看例句:
She went on holiday after she had taken the exam.
她考試后度假去了。
I ran to the platform quickly, but the train had already left.
我趕快跑到站臺上,但是火車已經(jīng)開走了。
We had had dinner before they arrived.
他們到達之前我們就已吃飯了。
The patient had died when the doctor arrived.
大夫到達時病人已經(jīng)死了。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.enter v.
(1)進入;穿入:
After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room.
他們進入了房子后,就去了餐廳。
The bullet entered his heart.
子彈射入了他的心臟。
(2)參加;加入:
Four students from our university entered the final contest.
我們大學的4名學生進入了競賽的決賽。
He entered politics when he was 27.
他在27歲時步入了政界。
2.happen v.
(1)發(fā)生:
How did the accident happen?
事故是怎么發(fā)生的?
A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago.
一年之前,一件奇怪的事發(fā)生在我的一位朋友身上。
(2)碰巧,恰好(to):
I happened to meet her on my way home.
在回家的路上,我碰巧遇見了她。
I happen to know that professor.
我正好認識那位教授。