1.共同點：
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示一個在過去完成的動作。
2.區(qū)別：
�、佻F(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，談?wù)摰氖乾F(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在情況可能已發(fā)生變化。
Who opened the door? (“誰開的門?”只強調(diào)過去開門這一動作，門現(xiàn)在可能已關(guān)上。)
Who has opened the door? (“誰把門開了?”強調(diào)門現(xiàn)在依然還開著。)
�、诂F(xiàn)在完成時不能與明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上這些明確的過去時間狀語，應(yīng)用一般過去時。再有，過去發(fā)生的一個動作，如現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生的變化，也應(yīng)用一般過去時。
☆特別提醒：如果這些過去時間狀語前有since，表示“自過去某一時間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
�、郜F(xiàn)在完成時不與when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句連用，when后只用一般過去時表示已發(fā)生的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時可與where, why等疑問詞連用。如：Where have you been? (你去過哪里了?)
--The train has left.
--When did the train leave?
④since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句后面用一般過去時，只有前面的主句才用現(xiàn)在完成時。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
⑤有些時間狀語，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以與一般過去時連用，又可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，但內(nèi)涵不同。與一般過去時連用時，表示與“現(xiàn)在”無關(guān)，時間已成為過去。而與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，則表示包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)。
I saw him this morning. (時間已不在上午了。)
I have seen him this morning. (說話時間還是上午。)
He lived in New York for eight years. (他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在紐約住了。)
He has lived in New York for eight years. (他現(xiàn)在還在紐約居住。)
同步練習(xí)
動詞填空：
1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.
2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?
3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?
--I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?
5.--The train______ (leave) already.
--When ______ the train ______(leave)?
6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.
7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?
8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
單項選擇：
( ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
-- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A.did you put; have put
B. have you put;put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.
A. taught; came
B.has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. (山東)
A. left B. has left
C. has been left D.had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.(重慶)
A. saw B. see
C. seeing D. have seen
( ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? (寧波)
-- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.
A. have visited B. had visited
C. visited D. visit
( ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)
-- I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?
-- There ____ very little rain.
A. has B. has been
C. are D. have been
( ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?
A. did; lose B. has; lost
C. will; lose D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going B. have; been
C. did; go D.are; doing
( ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were B. have
C. are D. have been
Keys:
動詞填空：
1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put
4. did,start 5. has left, did, leave
6. met 7. have, been
8. have lost
單項選擇：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
