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2020成人英語三級(jí)考試詞匯與語法輔導(dǎo):介詞

時(shí)間:2020-03-03 11:48:00   來源:環(huán)球網(wǎng)校     [字體: ]
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  一.時(shí)間介詞的用法辨析

  1. 時(shí)間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析

  A. 介詞in用來表示一天中某段時(shí)間,指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如:in the morning

  B. 介詞on用來表示某一天或星期幾,指明具體的時(shí)間。如:on a rainy day

  C. 介詞at用來表示特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。如:at noon

  D. 介詞by表示…的時(shí)候、到、等到…已經(jīng)等用在天、時(shí)間的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock

  2. 時(shí)間介詞in與after 的用法辨析

  . 介詞in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

  A. 介詞after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

  B. 介詞after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

  3. 時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析

  . 介詞for 表示一段時(shí)間如:I have been living here for 10 years.

  A. 介詞since 表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來如:I have been living here since 2000.

  4. 時(shí)間介詞during與for的用法辨析

  . 當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如:He swims every day during the summer.

  A. 如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

  5. 時(shí)間介詞before與by的用法辨析

  . 介詞before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

  A. 介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止,不遲于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

  6. 時(shí)間介詞till與until用法的異同

  . till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…為止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

  A. till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

  如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

  B. till多用于普通文體,而 until則用于多種文體,并且在句子開頭時(shí),用until而不用till。

  如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

  7. 不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況

  . 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this, that時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:this morning

  A. 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有next時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:next Sunday

  B. 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:last Sunday

  C. 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one, any, each, every, some或all時(shí),其前面不用介詞,如:You can come any day.

  二.方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析

  1. 方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析

  A. 介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面,兩者緊貼在一起,如:The book is on the table.

  B. 介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

  C. 介詞above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

  2. 方位介詞under與below的用法辨析

  . 介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

  A. 介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

  3. 方位介詞across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

  . 介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。

  如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

  A. 介詞through著重于“穿越”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。

  如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

  B. 介詞over多表示從“上方越過”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

  C. 介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

  4. 方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析

  . 介詞in表示“排、行、組”,如:We are in Team One.

  A. 介詞on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.

  B. 介詞at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.

  5. 方位介詞to、for的用法辨析

  . 介詞to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.

  A. 介詞for表示動(dòng)身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.

  6. 地點(diǎn)介詞at與in的用法辨析

  . 介詞at表示較小的地方,如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等,如:He lives at a small village.

  A. 介詞in表示較大的地方,如大城市、國(guó)家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

  7. 地點(diǎn)介詞at與on的用法辨析

  . 介詞at用于門牌號(hào),如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.

  A. 介詞on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.

  8. 地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、to的用法辨析

  . 介詞in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

  A. 介詞on表示“緊鄰”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

  B. 介詞to表示“沒接觸”如:France lies to the south of England.

  三.其他易混介詞的用法辨析

  1. 動(dòng)作介詞to與toward的用法辨析

  A. 介詞to表示向某處移動(dòng),如:They were driving to work together.

  B. 介詞toward 表示移向某處,如:We're moving toward the light.

  2. 原因介詞because、as、for的用法辨析

  . 介詞because表示“因?yàn)?由于”指直接的、明確的原因,用來回答why的問句,語氣。

  如:The boy was absent because he was ill.

  A. 介詞as表示“由于;鑒于”指一種顯而易見、談話雙方已知的理由。

  如:She stayed at home as she had no car.

  B. 介詞for表示 “因?yàn)?由于”指一種間接原因,甚至只是一種附帶的說明。

  C. 如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.

  3. 材料介詞of和from的用法

  . 介詞of用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí),如:The desk is made of wood.

  A. 介詞from用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí),如:Wine is made from grapes.

  4. 表示“用”的介詞in、with、by的用法辨析

  . 介詞in表示“用材料、語言”如:Can you say it in English?

  A. 介詞with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen

  B. 介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.

  5. 介詞between與among的用法辨析

  . 介詞between 表示“在兩者之間”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.

  A. 介詞among表示“在…當(dāng)中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.

  6. 介詞besides與except的用法辨析

  . 介詞besides表示“除…之外(全部計(jì)算在內(nèi))”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.

  A. 介詞except表示“除…之外(不計(jì)算在內(nèi))”如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.