【篇一】
第一部分 詞海拾趣
1.Success n . 成功
I wish you success.
Congratulations to you on your success.
Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事
If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he'll travel abroad.
分析下面這句話中succeed 的意思：
A silence succeeded his words. (隨后，接著)
他說完話后，緊接著是一陣沉默。
Successful adj. 成功的
In a way, he's successful.
Unsuccessful successfully(前后綴)
2. Disagree with… 不同意…
agree 同意…
agree with … I couldn't agree with you more.
I agree with what you said.
agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?
agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.
( 補(bǔ)充dislike , unlike )
3.statement 聲明，陳述， 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表，財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)算表
eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他說的話嗎?
I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每個(gè)月從銀行收到一份財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)算表。
(構(gòu)詞法 state statement , improve improvement )
4. guarantee n , v. 保證，擔(dān)保，保修
under guarantee 在保修期
The watch is still under guarantee. 這塊手表還在保修期。
The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 這臺(tái)電視保修兩年。
我們還可以說：The TV set is guaranteed for two years.
I guarantee that you'll enjoy yourself. 我保證你會(huì)玩的愉快。
5.Be similar to ….與…相似
6. Inexact
incomplete
independent ( differ, different)
depend on…依靠，取決于…
It depends.(意思是還沒有確定，視情況而定)
7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker
8. clue 線索，跡象
Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么線索?
(非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂，一無所知)
---do you know what he's talking about? (你知道他在說什么嗎?)
----I don't have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l
9.Conclusion n. 結(jié)論
Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下結(jié)論。
In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here.后，我想說的是，我在這兒過的多么愉快。
10.On Purpose 故意的
purposefully
11.outline 輪廓，概要，大綱
an outline of history 歷史大綱
v. 劃出…輪廓， 提出…綱要， 略述
The director outlined his plans for the company's future. 經(jīng)理概述了公司未來的計(jì)劃。
第二部分：課文語言點(diǎn)剖析
1. Learning a language is easy. 這句話中動(dòng)名詞短語learning a language作主語。
又如：Seeing is believing .
2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
試找出句子的主干：
此句中who are learning a second language 是定語從句，用來修飾most adults.
Would 的用法?
3.Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表確數(shù)時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表概數(shù)時(shí)加S
Eg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,
Hundreds of…
Thousands of …
Millions of…
Billions of…
4.be different from…與….不同
be the same as….與….相同
5.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
Who 引導(dǎo)了一定從，it 為形式賓語，真正賓語是后面不定式。
6.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,…
注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb
advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能說an advice , 同樣也沒有詞形變化，不能加S。
聽從某人建議，我們說take/follow one's advice
7. practice speaking the language every day.
Practice doing sth
Everyday 與every day 的區(qū)別
Everyday life 日常生活
I watch TV every day. 我每天都看電視。
8.Learn as a child would learn
As 引導(dǎo)了一方式狀語，像孩子那樣。
9.first of all 首先，第一
secondly 其次
finally 后
(閱讀時(shí)要注意文章的topic sentence，一般在句首或者句尾)
10.wait for ,
look for / find
11.such /so 都翻譯成如此，區(qū)別何在? 看下面的短語，用such/so 填空。
__a man
__a kind lady
__pretty the carpet
__kind a lady
__bad weather
__beautiful pictures
12.make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤
13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
不愿做某事的表達(dá)方法：
be unwilling to do sth
be reluctant to do sth
14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.
That 引導(dǎo)的定從修飾the information
Information 為不可數(shù)名詞
15. It's more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
16. Learn from… 向….學(xué)習(xí)
we should learn from each other.
17. you have probably been learning independently, …
本句用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have ( has) been doing
表示從過去開始，一直持續(xù)現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例如：It has been raining.
18.on the one hand, 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
19.If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
如果你的語言學(xué)習(xí)一直都不太成功，你不妨試試上面列出的一些技巧。
Less than …是一固定格式，譯為 不太….
Eg:
We're less than happy about the coming exam.
我們不太高興參加即將到來的這場(chǎng)考試。
Outlined above 分詞短語作定語后置
20.Might do well to do sth,好還是做… ,不妨做….
可以與might do sth as well 互換使用，例如：
you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以說成
you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.
翻譯下面的句子：
He hasn't worked hard, he might give it up as well.
You might do well to start early.
第三部分 語法講解(一)詞類
英語中詞實(shí)詞和虛詞兩類，其中實(shí)詞有名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞，數(shù)詞。虛詞有介詞，冠詞，連詞，感嘆詞。
1. 名詞n
名詞是表示事物名稱的詞。有普通名詞和抽象名詞兩類。參照課本第19頁。
考查重點(diǎn)在名詞的可數(shù)性上。名詞還有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。
可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：
| 詞尾字母情況 | 變化方法 | 例詞 |
| 一般情況 | 加-s | bird-birds, desk-desks, hand-hands lake-lakes |
| 以ch , sh , s, x ,z | 加-es | church-churches, dish-dishes class-classes box-boxes, quiz-quizzes |
| 輔音字母+y | 變y為i在加es | family-families, baby- babies country-countries |
| 以o結(jié)尾 | 加-es | tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes hero-heroes, volcano-volcanoes |
| 以f或fe結(jié)尾 | 變f或者fe為v加es | Thief-thieves, wife-wives, half-halves leaf-leaves, Knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves |
注：a.以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boys
b.以o結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos
c.以f 或者fe結(jié)尾，直接加-s,如：belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs
2.冠詞article
冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an) 和定冠詞(the) 不定冠詞用來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表示一個(gè)，一件….,the 可以與可數(shù)名詞連用，也可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用，表特指。
A用在輔音(音素 )開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前邊， an 用于元音(音素非字母)開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面。例如：
A cake， a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest man
3. 代詞pron
代詞有人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，疑問代詞，關(guān)系代詞等。
1.人稱代詞：
人稱代詞分為第一、第二和第三人稱，每個(gè)人稱有各自的主格和賓格形式
第一人稱： I (主格)-me(賓格), we(主格)-us(賓格)
第二人稱： you(主格、賓格)
第三人稱： he(主格)-him(賓格)
she (主格)- her (賓格)
it (主格)- it (賓格)
they (主格)- them(賓格)
注：a).當(dāng)I和其他名詞或代詞一起作并列主語時(shí)，I總放在后。但是翻譯的時(shí)候，漢語的習(xí)慣是我在前。
如：Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和湯姆 ，約翰昨晚參加了一個(gè)派對(duì)。
You and I 我和你
You, he and I 你我他
注：表示要承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，應(yīng)把I 提前，例如：I and Tony are to blame.
2. 物主代詞:
物主代詞分為形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞。
| 第一人稱 | 第二人稱 | 第三人稱 | ||||||
| 形容詞性 | my | our | your | your | his | her | its | their |
| 名詞性 | mine | ours | yours | yours | his | hers | its | theirs |
形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，必須和名詞連用，不能單獨(dú)使用;名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，不能再與名詞連用。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：
This is your book.. Mine is on the desk. 這是你的書，我的在桌子上。(mine=my book)
3.反身代詞：
| 第一人稱 | 第二人稱 | 第三人稱 | |||
| 單數(shù) | myself | Yourself | Himself | Herself | Itself |
| 復(fù)數(shù) | ourselves | yourselves | themselves | ||
4.相互代詞：each other, one another
5. 指示代詞是用來指示人或事物的代詞，如：this, these, that, those.
如：We have no water .That's our trouble.我們沒有水了。這是我們的困難。
注：指示代詞this, that可在句中作狀語，表示程度，相當(dāng)于so .
如：He said he couldn't walk that far.
6.疑問代詞who's the girl in red?
7.關(guān)系代詞He's a professor who has lived here for 10 years.
8 .不定代詞:
1).復(fù)合不定代詞由every, some, any, no與-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成的代詞。
指人 指人 指物
everyone everybody everything
someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
no one nobody nothing
所有的不定代詞都當(dāng)作單數(shù)對(duì)待。
如：No one wants to go there.
Is everyone here?
復(fù)合不定代詞的定語后置，即形容詞作復(fù)合不定代詞的定語時(shí)要后置。
如：I have something important to tell you .
復(fù)合不定代詞只具有名詞性質(zhì)，不能作定語。
如：Nobody is late for the meeting .(復(fù)合不定代詞nobody作主語)
I know nothing about the accident.(復(fù)合代詞nothing 作賓語)
That's nothing.沒什么。(復(fù)合代詞nothing作表語)
2) 英語中的不定代詞如：all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等，多數(shù)都可以作主語、賓語、表語和定語，但no和every只具有形容詞性質(zhì)只能作定語，none只具有名詞性質(zhì)，不能作定語。
如：Time waits for no man.時(shí)不我待。(no 作定語)
Every room is bright.每個(gè)房間都很明亮。(every作定語)
None of them has been to Paris.他們中沒有一個(gè)去過巴黎。(none作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)單一性，謂語用單數(shù))
None of them were aware of the danger.他們都沒有意識(shí)到有危險(xiǎn)。(none強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
3) .it 的用法
1) 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事務(wù)
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .It's a cold-blooded one.
2) 用以代替指示代詞
What's this? It's a flag.
3) 起指示代詞的作用，指一個(gè)人或事物
Who's knocking at the door? It's me.
4) 指環(huán)境情況等
It's noisy in the classroom.
5) 指時(shí)間，天氣，季節(jié)，距離等
It's a long way to the factory.
6) 做形式主語，形式賓語，如：
It's not a good habit to stay up late.
I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.
7) 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
【篇二】
Text A
The Atlantic Ocean
本課主要單詞
1. unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的;勉強(qiáng)的
she is unwilling to share anything with others. (她不愿意與他人分享任何東西。)
He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.
(盡管前面可能有許多困難，但他不愿意中途放棄。)
They got some unwilling assistance from the local government. (地方政府勉強(qiáng)給了他們一些協(xié)助。)
2. equator n.赤道
3. bulge n.不規(guī)則突起;鼓起之處;(突然)上漲，增多
v.使膨脹;塞滿
Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的狹窄處位于南美洲的突起處和非洲的突起處之間。)
The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon. (圖表顯示龍年出生率的暴增。)
4. unusual adj. 少有的;不尋常的;與眾不同的，獨(dú)特的
It was not unusual for him to work very late every night. (每天工作到深夜對(duì)他來說是很平常的事。
5. salty adj. 咸的，含鹽的 salt n. 鹽;風(fēng)趣 v. 用鹽調(diào)味;用鹽腌;撒鹽于道路上
He didn’t have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty. (他晚餐吃的不多，因?yàn)椴颂塘恕?
It took them a long time to salt the main roads. (他們花了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才在主要公路上撒上鹽。)
grind salt in sb.’s wounds 在某人傷口上撒鹽，使某人痛上加痛
with a grain of salt 半信半疑地
Salt Lake City 鹽湖城(美國尤他州州府)
請(qǐng)注意：形容詞salty是由名詞 salt加形容詞后綴 -y構(gòu)成的。這樣的形容詞在英語中還有很多，如：windy，snowy，rainy，cloudy，sunny，funny，muddy，foggy…
6. average n. 平均數(shù)，平均 adj. 平均的;平常的，普通的 v. 平均
The average of 5，7 and 9 is 7. (5，7，9的平均數(shù)是7.)
The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均氣溫在零度以下。)
He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般學(xué)生。)
7. spot n.地點(diǎn)，處所;點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn) v. 點(diǎn)綴;認(rèn)出;準(zhǔn)確定位 adj. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)作出的;現(xiàn)付的
She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游覽了許多風(fēng)景勝地。)
She told us the exact spot where the accident happened. (她把事故發(fā)生的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)告訴了我們)
His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥漬。)
She is so special， you can spot her in the crowd easily. (她很特別，你在人群中能一眼認(rèn)出她來。)
She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促當(dāng)場(chǎng)做決定。)
on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng)，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) in a spot 在困境中，在窘境中
put sb. on the spot 使某人處于難堪地位
put one’s finger on sb’s weak spot 指出某人性格上的弱點(diǎn)
spot check 抽樣檢查 spot survey 抽樣調(diào)查
spotlight 聚光燈;汽車上的反光燈;公眾注意中心
spot news 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道的新聞 spot price 現(xiàn)貨價(jià)
8. range n. 山脈;幅度，范圍 v.(在某范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)，變化;把…排列成行
medium-range missile 中程導(dǎo)彈 wide range of interests 興趣廣泛
at close range 接近地 in/within range 在射程內(nèi)
9. peak n. 山峰;頂點(diǎn)
The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.(山峰終年積雪。)
His career is at its peak . (他的事業(yè)正處于鼎盛時(shí)期)
10. vessel n. 船，艦;容器，器皿
an ocean-going vessel 遠(yuǎn)洋輪
11. crew n. 全體船員，全體機(jī)務(wù)人員
The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain’s decision.(船員們對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的決定感到惱火。)
The aircraft has a crew of 6.(這架飛機(jī)有6名機(jī)組人員。)
12. becalm v.(常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))(指帆船)因無風(fēng)而停止前進(jìn)
He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island. (他在海島北面因無風(fēng)而停泊了整整一周。)
13. gulf n. 海灣;隔閡;鴻溝
The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends. (那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵在兩位好友間造成了隔閡。)
the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥灣
Gulf Stream 灣流，墨西哥灣流
14. stream n. 小河，溪流 v. 流，涌
Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.(當(dāng)她聽到那個(gè)消息時(shí)，淚水順著臉頰流了下來。)
15. current n. (空氣，水等的)流，潮流;電流;傾向 adj. 當(dāng)前的，通行的
The child had been swept away by the current.(孩子被水流卷走了。)
Mass media influence the current of public opinion.(大眾傳媒影響輿論的傾向。)
Give me a current issue of Reader’s Digest.(給我一本近一期的讀者文摘。)
current events 時(shí)事 current situation 當(dāng)前形勢(shì)
16. affect v. 影響;打動(dòng);(疾病)侵襲 effect n. 效果;作用，影響;
no effects 無存款(銀行在空頭支票上的批語)
be of no effect無效 bring sth. to effect 實(shí)行，實(shí)施
in effect實(shí)際上 take effect 見效;生效
17. climate n. 氣候
weather n. 天氣
18. flow n. 流 v. 流動(dòng)
The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (醫(yī)生把血止住了。)
19. furnish v. 供應(yīng)，提供;裝備，(用家具)布置
20. highway n. 公路; (水陸)交通干線
21. float v.(使)漂浮
本課主要構(gòu)詞法
Affixation (詞綴法)
1. 反意詞前綴un- unusual，unwilling
2. 形容詞后綴-y salty
3. 名詞后綴-or sailor
Compounding (合詞法)
1. 復(fù)合名詞 highway，steamship，airplane
2. 復(fù)合形容詞 mid-Atlantic，eastward
本課簡(jiǎn)介
The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來的世界之。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.
在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋), the Philippines (菲列賓)
在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個(gè)湖時(shí)不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)
separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開”，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：
英吉利海峽把英法兩國隔開。(The English Channel separates England from France.)
the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時(shí)僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。
2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.
keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。
例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)
3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.
make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對(duì)工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)
主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細(xì)的論述。
4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
這兩個(gè)都是表語從句和主句中的系動(dòng)詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)
請(qǐng)注意辨析another 和other：
another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個(gè)”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個(gè)”。
boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.
5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.
此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句做賓語。
6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…
在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：
This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)
7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.
suppose 常常做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認(rèn)為”。例如：
I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)
在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個(gè)連詞，意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會(huì)怎么樣”。例如：
Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們?cè)趺崔k?)
8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個(gè)句型。例如：
1) 我騎自行車到學(xué)校要花半小時(shí)。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)
2) 他花了兩個(gè)星期時(shí)間才看完那本書。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)
9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.
on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。
a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點(diǎn)兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾
deeper，也表示程度，加強(qiáng)形容詞比較級(jí)，意思是“…多”。
10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet――almost 6 miles (9.6km)。
本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過3000英里)。
measure 在句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“測(cè)量”，“有…深”。
11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的高級(jí)形式。因?yàn)檫@幾個(gè)詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對(duì)于大部分兩個(gè)音節(jié)以上的形容詞，高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.
rise 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。
1) rise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))
The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.
The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.
An idea rises in my mind.
2) raise 及物動(dòng)詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)
If you have any questions， please raise your hands.
When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.
The management promised to raise the workers' salary after the negotiation.
He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.
3) arise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)
Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.
New problems arise when old ones are solved.
4) arouse 及物動(dòng)詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)
The noise outside aroused him from sleep.
floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中，floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;
1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)
2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter. (冬天時(shí)，木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)
3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會(huì)上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)
12. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.
called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句，在其前省去了which is.
13. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.
crew是一個(gè)集合名詞，指“全體船員”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中謂語動(dòng)詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were，因?yàn)閺木渥又锌梢酝茢喑鍪窃S多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.
14. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.
furnish sth For sb. 意思是“為…提供”，我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。
本課主要詞組及句型
詞組：
1. separate from 2. keep sb. from doing sth.
3. be unwilling to do sth. 4. between A and B
5. make sth unusual 6. so…that
7. dry up 8. on the average
9. rise from 10. furnish sth for sb.
11. pile up 12. from…to
句型：
A.定語從句：
1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.
2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.
B.表語從句：
1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。
2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
C.結(jié)果狀語從句：
1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
D.形容詞的比較級(jí)和高級(jí)：
1)The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific， but still it is very large.
2)It is more than 4，000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.
3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2，000 miles wide.
4)Also， it is the world's saltiest ocean.
5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.
E be one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.
F it takes sb. some time to do sth.
It would take the ocean about 4，000 years to dry up.
地理名稱
1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋
Asia (亞洲)Europe(歐洲) Africa(非洲)
North America(北美洲) South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲)
the Antarctic(南極洲) The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋)
the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋)
2.常用詞
continent (大陸) continental shelf(大陸架)
subcontinent(次大陸) volcano(火山)
iceberg(冰山) mountain range(山脈)
delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布) gulf(海灣)
straits channel(海峽) coast line (海岸線)
beach(海灘)gulf(海灣)
Text B The Moon
短語表達(dá)
1. tie to(與…聯(lián)系在一起;使*于…)
2. except for(除了…之外)
Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤，你的文章寫的不錯(cuò))
3. be near to(靠近)
4. face towards(朝向)
5. keep…in mind(把…記在心里)
6. light up(變亮;使容光煥發(fā))
7. reflect(反射)
8. … enough for sb. to do sth.(足以讓某人做某事)
The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party. (這間房夠大了，我們可以在里面開舞會(huì)。)
9. speak of(提到，說起)
10. otherwise(不然;另外的)
11. nothing but(僅僅，除了…之外沒有什么)
There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食櫥里除了一片面包什么也沒有。)
語法講解： 構(gòu)詞法(派生法，合成法，轉(zhuǎn)換法)
派生法：通過加前后綴構(gòu)成新詞(常見名詞，形容詞，副詞和動(dòng)詞的后綴，反義前綴及其他含義的前綴)
合成法：兩個(gè)獲兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成一個(gè)新詞
轉(zhuǎn)換法：詞形不變，詞性轉(zhuǎn)化
參照課本第80頁
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.各種各樣的：adj. various
2.誠實(shí)：n. honest
3.操作員：n. operator
4.想象力：n. imagination
5.消除：v. remove
6.失�。簄. failure
7.普遍的：adj. widespread
8.獨(dú)立的： adj. independent
9.農(nóng)業(yè)的：adj. agricultural
10. 頻繁地: adv. Frequently
【篇三】
Improving Your Memory
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1. psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的
Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.
(在贏得一場(chǎng)比賽中，心理因素常常起著重要作用。)
2. focus v. (使)聚焦，(使)集中 ( focus on ) n. 焦點(diǎn)，中心
He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.(他正注視著墻上的一幅畫。)
3. basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的
He even didn't have a basic aim in life.(他連生活的基本目標(biāo)都沒有。)
It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical skills.(教他們一些基本的數(shù)學(xué)技能是必要的。)
4. principle n. 原理，原則;信念
on principle 原則上
principal adj. 主要的n. 校長(zhǎng)，負(fù)責(zé)人;委托人
5. meaningfulness n. 富有意義
mean v. 表示…意思，意味著;打算
meaning n. 意思，意義
meaningful adj. 有意思的，意味深長(zhǎng)的
meaningless adj. 沒有意
6. organization n. 組織;機(jī)構(gòu)
organize v. 組織
7. association n. 聯(lián)合，結(jié)合;交往;協(xié)會(huì)
associate v. 使聯(lián)合;把…聯(lián)想起來;交往 ( associate with )
associate adj. 副的
an associate professor 副教授 an associate editor副主編
8. Visualization n. 想像，設(shè)想
visualize v. 設(shè)想，想像
visual adj. 視覺的;看的見的;形象化的
9. Rhyme v. 韻，押韻
Rhythm n. 節(jié)奏
10. ability n. 能力，才能
11. random adj. 胡亂的，任意的，隨意的 n. 無目的或目標(biāo)
This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.
(我們只是對(duì)所收到的有關(guān)售后服務(wù)方面的投訴隨意地選擇了一下。)
He opened the books at random.(他胡亂地打開了書。)
12. categorize v. 分類
category n. 種類;范疇;部門
If you categorize the information you need to remember， you will find it much easier.
(如果你把所需記憶的信息分類，你就會(huì)覺得記憶起來要容易得多。)
13. following adj. 接著的，下述的 prep. 在…之后
The following examples will prove my point.(下面的例子將證實(shí)我的觀點(diǎn)。)
Following the discussion a decision was made.(討論之后便做出了決定。)
14. needless adj. 不需要的，不必要的
Needless to say， I don't think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.
(不用說，我覺得他在會(huì)上提的建議不怎么樣。)
You don't have to take such a needless risk.(你不用去冒這種不必要的險(xiǎn)。)
15. Refer v. ( to ) 提到，涉及;參考，查閱;把…歸到…上;使向…請(qǐng)教;有關(guān)聯(lián)
Reference n. 參考;提及;關(guān)聯(lián)
He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同學(xué)詢問她的品行。)
He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失敗歸因于身體不好。)
These answers are for reference only.(這些答案僅供參考。)
16. relate v. ( to ) 有關(guān)聯(lián);敘述，講述
related adj. 有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的
relation n. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系
I don't understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解結(jié)果和原因如何關(guān)聯(lián)。)
Don't worry too much about them， they have very good relations.(別太為他們擔(dān)心，他們的關(guān)系很好。)
17. accurately adv. 準(zhǔn)確地，精確地
accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的
accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確，精確
18. memorize v. 熟記，記住
memory n.記憶力
19. repeat v. 重復(fù) repetition n. 重復(fù)
20. preserve v. 保護(hù)，維持;保存
詞綴法
1. 名詞后綴 -ation; tion; sion
organization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，
relation，association，repetition，separation，addition
2. 動(dòng)詞后綴 -ize
organize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize
3. 名詞后綴 -ence
reference，difference
4. 名詞后綴 -ity
similarity，familairity
本課簡(jiǎn)介
本課介紹了在如何增強(qiáng)記憶方面心理學(xué)所做的研究。信息的意義，組織，聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個(gè)基本原則。如何運(yùn)用這些基本原則呢?課文對(duì)此一一作了介紹，條理十分清楚。學(xué)了本課，相信會(huì)有收獲。
本課語言點(diǎn)
1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
research 在本句中做名詞，這個(gè)詞也可以做動(dòng)詞用。請(qǐng)看下面的例句，注意research的詞類和用法：
Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.
(科學(xué)家們一直對(duì)腦損傷的起因進(jìn)行研究。)
focus on 是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“集中”，在生詞部分已作了較為詳細(xì)的講解，在此，請(qǐng)翻譯幾個(gè)句子：
她覺得很不自在，因?yàn)樗械哪抗舛甲⒁曋?She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)
a number of 的意思是“許多”。請(qǐng)看下面的例句，注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別：
1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.
(由于污染問題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)
2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)
2. It is useful to know how these principles work.
it 在句中做形式主語，真正的主語to know how these principles work，此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們?cè)诘谝缓偷诙䥺卧延辛私狻Ｕ?qǐng)看下面的句子：
It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)
It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)
work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”，
3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
affect 是動(dòng)詞，意思是“影響”。常常會(huì)有一些英語學(xué)習(xí)者把動(dòng)詞affect和名詞effect混淆，請(qǐng)注意下面的句子：
1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場(chǎng)干旱肯定會(huì)影響到收成。)
2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場(chǎng)病在的身上的影響。)
4. Information that doesn’t make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.
不定式to remember 用在做表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。
make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學(xué)生們不理解他的解釋。)
5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.
動(dòng)詞不定式to remember在句中做定語，修飾名詞ability.請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來的諾言。)
make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.
(他說的話不會(huì)對(duì)我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)
2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作，情況就不一樣了。)
6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
句中的better是副詞well的比較級(jí)形式，意思是“更好地”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報(bào)酬比那份高。)
information是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能在其后加“-s”。請(qǐng)看例句：
7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對(duì)consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由…組成”，它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。請(qǐng)看例句：
1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國由50個(gè)州組成。)
2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學(xué)組成。)
a bit在句中的意思是“一點(diǎn)，一些”，它可以用在形容詞的前面， 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請(qǐng)看下面的例句：
1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點(diǎn)累。)
2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.
(如果你能給我一點(diǎn)寶貴建議我會(huì)很感激的。)
8. Categorizing is another means of organization.
句中的means是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“方式;手段”，它不是動(dòng)詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：
Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)
9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows：
group into在句中的意思是“把…分組;把…歸類”。請(qǐng)看例句：
as follows 的意思是“如下”，請(qǐng)看例句：
1) The full text reads as follows： (全文如下：)
2) The results are as follows： (結(jié)果如下：)
10Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserve a memory做復(fù)合賓語。
斜體部分是一個(gè)“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，做方式狀語，修飾動(dòng)名詞短語forming an integrated image.
不定式與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做動(dòng)詞賓語的現(xiàn)象在英語中很常見，在前幾講中我們也遇到過。再請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)例句：
1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意湯姆和你一起去嗎?)
2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想讓你下午去見他。)
3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父親鼓勵(lì)他更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。)
4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找個(gè)人來幫你。)
“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中也很常見，請(qǐng)看例句：
With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.(隨著這個(gè)問題的解決，計(jì)劃正順利進(jìn)行。)
本課主要詞組及句型
詞組：
1. focus on 2. a number of
3. at all levels 4. make sense
5. make a difference 6. in random order
7. consist of 8. group into
9. as follows 10. needless to say
11. refer to 12. relate…to
13. associate with 14. compare with
句型：
A.定語從句
1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember
3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
B. 動(dòng)名詞做主語
1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
2) Categorizing is another means of organization.
3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
Text B Short-term Memory
短語表達(dá)
1. at a later time
Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time.
I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.
2. in contrast (with / to)
Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent.
His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.
3. look up
I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me?
4. be unable to
He was unable to provide us with more information.
5. be released from
He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.
6. be rewarded with
The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.
If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.
語法講解：
句子的用途分類：
參照課本第107-110頁
我們重點(diǎn)講解反意疑問句和感嘆句的用法：
1.反意疑問句：
構(gòu)成：
需要注意的問題：
陳述部分由否定詞never,seldom,后面疑問部分就用肯定形式，但如果是通過加了反義前綴構(gòu)成了與原來意義相反的詞，那后面疑問部分仍然用否定形式。
She has never been to Beijing ,_has she_?
She's unhappy, isn't she ?
2.感嘆句：
she's a pretty girl.
What a pretty girl (she is ) !
He is causing a lot of trouble.
What a lot of trouble he is causing !
The girl is pretty.
How pretty the girl is !
The book is interesting .
How interesting the book is!
鞏固練習(xí)：
用what , how 填空：
___bad weather!
___cold it is !
____beautiful flowers!
_____funny!
____a pity!
用正確的形式填空：
Nobody knows about that , ____?
She must have been in the classroom , _____?
It must have rained last night , ____?
