【第一篇：用睡眠擺脫煩惱】
Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不動(dòng)搖) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(瘋?cè)?. The “l(fā)ong sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many of the “l(fā)ong sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (內(nèi)向), inhibited (壓抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
1. According to the report,______.
A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature
B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work
C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood
2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.
A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality
B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement
C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program
D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles
3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.
A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life
B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep
C) do not know how to relax properly
D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems
4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.
A) appear disturbed
B) become energetic
C) feel dissatisfied
D) be extremely depressed
5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?
A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened
B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients
C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep
D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 【答案及譯文】
答案：DCBAB
貝克爾和哈特曼報(bào)道說，“睡眠少的人”在未進(jìn)入少年期之前，其正常睡眠時(shí)間大致與所需要的時(shí)間差不多。但到了15歲左右，由于學(xué)校、工作或其它 活動(dòng)的地壓力，他們就故意地減少了夜間睡眠的時(shí)間。這些人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)：夜間睡眠是一件令人討厭的事情，打斷了日常事務(wù)。
總的說來，這些“睡眠少的人”表現(xiàn)得雄心勃勃、積極活躍、精力充沛、無意識(shí)樂觀豁達(dá)、立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定，對(duì)自己職業(yè)的選擇胸有成竹。他們往往同時(shí)從事幾 項(xiàng)工作，或者一邊上學(xué)讀書，一邊從事專職或兼職工作。其中許多人有強(qiáng)烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表現(xiàn)得“正�！被颉昂先骸薄�
當(dāng)讓他們回憶夢(mèng)境時(shí)，“睡眠少的人”回憶不起什么來。更有甚者，他們似乎情愿什么都記不住。類似的情況是他們通常處理心理問題的方式：不承認(rèn)問 題的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻煩總會(huì)過去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式與被劃入瘋子之類精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不過沒有那么嚴(yán)重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形則大不相同。貝克爾和哈特曼報(bào)道說，這些年輕人從小的，有抱負(fù)的睡眠就一直很長(zhǎng)。他們好像注重睡眠，不讓睡眠受打攪。偶爾沒 有所需的9個(gè)小時(shí)夜間臥床休息，他們便會(huì)十分不安。他們比“睡眠少的人”要更能回憶得起夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容。許多“睡眠多的人”靦腆、焦躁、內(nèi)向、壓抑、消極和稍微 有點(diǎn)兒沮喪，尤其在社交場(chǎng)合缺乏自信。好幾個(gè)人坦言，睡眠是擺脫每天煩惱的一種方式。
【第二篇：電視節(jié)目】
Television gives the American people a wide variety of programs from early morning until late at night. Operas, orchestral performances, chamber music and jazz concerts are often presented on television. So most of the leisure at home is used for watching television. Many Americans are so fond of their TV programs that they often have cold luncheon in front of their receiving sets. Television has given people newer and deeper understanding of history, art, music, literature, the ballet, the theater, the discoveries of modern science and the wonders of the universe. Television viewers pay no tax or charges for receiving programs on their sets. The cost of the programs is paid chiefly by those who are given the opportunity to advertise their goods or services during the commercial breaks.
【參考譯文】
美國(guó)人從清晨直到深夜都能看到形形色色的電視節(jié)目。電視屏幕上經(jīng)常播放歌劇、管弦樂、室內(nèi)音樂和爵士音樂演奏。所以家庭中大部分空閑時(shí)間都花在看電視上。許多美國(guó)人酷愛電視節(jié)目，經(jīng)常在電視機(jī)前邊看電視邊吃冷餐。電視使人們對(duì)歷史、藝術(shù)、音樂、文學(xué)、舞劇、戲劇、現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)和宇宙的奧妙有較新和較深切的了解。電視觀眾看電視節(jié)目既不用繳稅，也不必付款，節(jié)目費(fèi)用主要是由那些借此為其商品和服務(wù)做插播廣告的人支付的。
【第三篇：購(gòu)物】
Going shopping seems easy but actually it takes a lot of learning, especially in American. In the fact, many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices, which you may find interesting. In American, the important rule of dressing is that one should change his\her clothes every day. For example, in an American college, neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row. So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than China. While you are shopping in the States, you will discover that prices range considerablely from time to time. The purchase of used, second-hand clothing, furniture, or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money. Most second-hand clothes are often pretty good quality. If you are going to settle down in the states and want some furniture, you may go to a “l(fā)oan closet”, where furniture rents at low costs, or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the community.
Sheets, blankets and other bedclothes go on sale in most communities twice a year. Advertisements for “white sales”, that is, sales on bed linen, towels, ets., often appear in January, as well as in May, June or July. Once or twice every season, there will be “garage sales”, where you can get almost anything, from a yacht to a pair of shoes, at low prices. Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine.
56. Shopping in the United States .
A. seems easy for Americans.
B. require some learning.
C. is very easy for foreigners.
D. is only for “well-off” people.
57. Americans change their clothes daily, because .
A. clothes are sold at low prices.
B. people take it as a rule.
C. they enjoy doing so.
D. everyone is very “well-off”.
58. People shopping in American will discover .
A. American goods are excellent.
B. most clothes come from China.
C. prices vary much sometimes.
D. used clothes are of poor quality.
59. A person who needs furniture can .
A. exchange their goods for furniture.
B. settle in a place that has furniture.
C. get some free of charge.
D. rent some at low cost.
60. At a “white sale”, one can buy .
A. almost anything.
B. sheets, cooking, utensils, ect.
C. bed linen, towels, ect.
D. shoes at low prices. 【參考譯文】
去購(gòu)物似乎很容易，但實(shí)際上需要，特別是在美國(guó)的學(xué)習(xí)很多。事實(shí)上，許多美國(guó)人誰不那么富裕的時(shí)候店“銷售”，或在該低的價(jià)格出售，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有趣的事情特別的店。在美國(guó)，修整重要的規(guī)則是，一要改變他/她的衣服每天。例如，在美國(guó)大學(xué)，無論是教授，也不是在連續(xù)兩天的同樣的衣服出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生。所以，你可能認(rèn)為有必要購(gòu)買更多的衣服比你在中國(guó)有。當(dāng)你在美國(guó)購(gòu)物，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，價(jià)格范圍相當(dāng)不時(shí)。所用的，二手衣物，家具或其他家庭用品可能是省錢的好辦法購(gòu)買。大多數(shù)二手衣服是不錯(cuò)的質(zhì)量。如果你要在美國(guó)定居下來，并希望一些家具，你可以到一個(gè)“貸款的衣櫥”，凡在低成本，家具租金或者您也可以到“家具交流”的社會(huì)地位。
床單，毛毯，床上用品和其他走在大多數(shù)社區(qū)每年兩次出售。 “”的白色銷售廣告，即在床單，毛巾等，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在1月的銷售，以及在5月，6月或7月。每個(gè)賽季一次或兩次，將有“車庫(kù)銷售”，在那里你可以得到幾乎任何東西，從游艇到一雙鞋子在低價(jià)格。在“打折店”和價(jià)格“舊貨店”也能像你想像的低。
