#初中三年級(jí)# #初三上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法【三篇】#：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行研究后，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)歸納出來(lái)的一系列語(yǔ)言規(guī)則。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的精髓在于掌握語(yǔ)言的使用。以下是®無(wú)憂(yōu)考網(wǎng)整理的初三上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法【三篇】，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)

語(yǔ)法：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)。

直接引用別人的話(huà)叫直接引語(yǔ)，用來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)叫間接引語(yǔ)。例：

He said, "He will go to Beijing tomorrow." （直接引語(yǔ)）

He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)及一些時(shí)間或個(gè)別詞都要做相應(yīng)的改變。

①時(shí)態(tài)：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)   一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)   一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)

* 但真理性的句子時(shí)態(tài)不變。例：

He said: "The sun rises in the east."

He said that the sun rises in the east.

他說(shuō)太陽(yáng)從東方升起。

②時(shí)間：

now→then, last month→the month before.

today→ that day, three days ago→three days before.

tonight→that night, tomorrow→the next day.

yesterday→the day before, the day after tomorrow→in two days.

③其它變化：

this→that   these→those   here→there

come→go

句式的改變：

①直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句加"that"可以省去。例：

He said, "My sister was here three days ago."→

He said that his sister had been there three days before.

②直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變成用if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)等作相應(yīng)改變。

Mother asked me, "Did you buy any meat for lunch?"→

Mother asked me if/whether I had bought some meat for lunch.

③直接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句，變成由原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞一樣的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)等作相應(yīng)改變。例：

"What do you do?" he asked me.

He asked me what I did.

④直接引語(yǔ)是選擇問(wèn)句變成由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

"Do you like English or Chinese?" He asked me.

He asked me whether I liked English or Chinese.

語(yǔ)法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1．英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。

當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)誰(shuí)是某個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，即"誰(shuí)做了某種事情"時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

eg: Daniel bought a new computer   丹尼爾買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。（不是別人）

如果主語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

eg: A new computer was bought by Daniel   一臺(tái)新電腦被丹尼爾買(mǎi)了。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)由be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，其中be是助動(dòng)詞，隨時(shí)態(tài)改變。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"am / is / are ＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"was / were ＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。

2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：

當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

eg:  Rice is grown in South China. 華南種植水稻。（沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)種）

This bridge was built 100 years ago.  這座橋是100年前建的。（不知道誰(shuí)建的）

Passive voice with 'by'

在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，如果我們也要把動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者表達(dá)出來(lái)的話(huà)，我們就在被動(dòng)句子的后面，用 "by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（賓格）"來(lái)表示。

e.g.  Jack broke the window. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

The window was broken by Jack.  （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）  窗戶(hù)是被杰克打碎的。

Meals are cooked by her mother at home.  在家飯是她母親燒的。

The book was written by him several years ago. 這本書(shū)是他幾年前寫(xiě)的。

3．難點(diǎn)：

1）. 當(dāng)一個(gè)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 只能把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)還放在原來(lái)的位置。

e.g.  We call him Xiao Wang.---  He is called Xiao Wang.

He cut his hair short.---  His hair was cut short.

2）. 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 常常把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；如果直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或 for.

e.g.  Someone gave the boy an apple.-- The boy was given an apple.

An apple was given to the boy.

His mother bought a present for him.---  He was bought a present.

A present was bought for him.

3）. 在let, hear, watch, see, help, have 等詞的句子中，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不加to, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加 to.

e.g. The boss makes us work 12 hours a day.--- We are made to work 12 hours a day.

They heard the children sing that morning.--- The children were heard to sing that morning.

⑤直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)語(yǔ)氣變成ask/tell/order warn sb. to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：

She said to me, "Stand up."→

She asked me to stand up.

Father said to his son, "Don't play football in the street."→

Father told his son not to play football in the street.

句式句型

Unit 1

1. They go as fast as they can.

as…as sb. (one) can ＝ as …as possible 盡可能地……

as…as中間加原級(jí)的形容詞或副詞。例：

I will work as hard as I can. 我將盡可能努力工作。

He ran as fast as he could. 他拼命地跑。

Please come here as soon as you can. 請(qǐng)盡快來(lái)這里。

2. We call the first Olympic Games the "ancient" Olympics.

我們把早期的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)叫做"古代"奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

call sb. / sth. ＋n. 稱(chēng)呼某人/某物……，后面的名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

例：We call the boy DaMao. 我們稱(chēng)呼那個(gè)男孩大毛。

類(lèi)似于這種可以用名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

name/call/make/choose/find/think等。例：

We chose him our monitor at yesterday's class meeting.

昨天班會(huì)我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。

I find him a clever boy. 我覺(jué)得他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。

3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at the same time.

看上去好像莊泳和美國(guó)游泳選手詹尼·湯姆森同時(shí)游完全程。

以下幾種方式可以表示"看起來(lái)……，似乎……"

It seems that ＋從句

seem to be ＋adj.

seem ＋adj.

例：Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)

丹尼似乎很激動(dòng)。

seem to do sth.

例：When his wife's pet cat died, Alan didn't seem to care at all.

艾倫妻子的寵貓死了，他好象一點(diǎn)也不在乎。

4. Diving is one of the most popular events at the Olympics.

潛水是奧運(yùn)會(huì)受歡迎的項(xiàng)目之一。

one of…  ……其中之一，后常加高級(jí)及名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例：

Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.

長(zhǎng)江是世界長(zhǎng)的河流之一。

5. Make your country proud. 使你的國(guó)家因你而自豪。

proud作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，修飾賓語(yǔ)your country；

make的用法：

make the bed 鋪床     make tea 沏茶

make dumplings 包餃子   make a car 制造汽車(chē)

be made of  由……制成

make sb. /sth. ＋n. 使某人/某物成為……

made sb. /sth. ＋adj. 使某人/某物如何……

make sb. /sth. do 使某人/某物做某事

名詞/形容詞/do （不定式，省to），作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

6. …h(huán)is team came in twentieth. 他的隊(duì)第二十名。

twentieth 第二十

整十?dāng)?shù)的序數(shù)詞，變y為ie加th。例：

ninety→ninetieth    fifty→fiftieth

7. We had such an interesting day at school today.

我們今天在學(xué)校度過(guò)了這么有趣的一天。

這句話(huà)也可以說(shuō)成：We had so interesting a day at school today.

such和so意思都是"如此……/這樣……"，但用法不同。

It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it once more.

它是如此有趣的電影，我們都想再看一遍。

Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!

多謝你用e-mail給我發(fā)來(lái)這么漂亮的圖片。

He is so weak that he can't work on.

他如此虛弱以致不能再繼續(xù)工作。

8. If I don't. I won't be able to sleep tonight.

如果我不寫(xiě)下來(lái)的話(huà)，我今晚睡不著覺(jué)。

此句是if構(gòu)成的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。

I'll go to the park with my friends if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

如果明天不下雨，我要和朋友去公園。

9. If he practises walking on pizzas, he'll do better next time.

如果他保持練習(xí)在比薩餅上走的話(huà)，下次他會(huì)表現(xiàn)好一些。

finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind后常加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例：

You'd better practise speaking English both in and after class.

你好在課上課下練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。

Unit 2

1. Our class could play soccer for a week without stopping.

我們班同學(xué)可以踢一周足球不休息。

without 介詞，with的反義詞，后加名詞、代詞或doing形式的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可以用if從句改寫(xiě)。例：

Without having breakfast, he hurried to school.

他沒(méi)有吃早飯，匆忙上學(xué)去了。

Fish can't live without water. 沒(méi)有水魚(yú)不能活。

If there is no water, fish can't live.

2. That's very kind of you. 你真是太好了。

還可以說(shuō)：That's very nice of you.

3. Wouldn't we get tired? 我們不會(huì)累嗎？

此句是否定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句，常用來(lái)表驚訝、責(zé)備、贊嘆等語(yǔ)氣。例：

Isn't it beautiful? 它不漂亮嗎？ （It is beautiful�。�

注意答語(yǔ)：Yes, it is. 不，漂亮

No, it isn't. 是的，不漂亮。

Can't you come earlier?  你不能早來(lái)嗎？（責(zé)備）

4. The Great Wall of China is more than 7,240 kilometres long.

中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城長(zhǎng)7,240多公里。

It is ＋數(shù)字＋單＋形容詞是一個(gè)固定句式，用來(lái)表達(dá)某物（人）多高/長(zhǎng)/寬/深等。例：

The river is 10 metres deep.

這條河深10米。

The old man is seventy years old. 這個(gè)老人70歲。

Our room is 5 metres wide.  我們教室寬5米。

通常這樣的句子可以用how＋形容詞＋一般問(wèn)句構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。例：

How wide is your room?

How deep is the river?

5. On average, it weighs more than 26 tons.

平均，它（鯨）重26噸多。

weigh  動(dòng)詞，重……多少。

weight  n.  重量。例：

The desk weighs 10 kilos.  這書(shū)桌重10公斤。

The weight of the desk is 10 kilos.

The desk is 10 kilos heavy.

6. The average blue whale is about four times as big as the biggest elephant.

平均藍(lán)鯨是大的大象的四倍。

four times as＋原級(jí)＋as 是……的幾倍  例：

This room is three times as big as that one.

This is twice bigger than that one.

times是倍數(shù)，有時(shí)也可以當(dāng)"次數(shù)"講。例：

I have been to the Great Wall twice.

7. Does anyone have any other ideas?

有人有別的主意嗎？

any other 用在肯定句中后常加單數(shù)名詞。

any other 在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。例：

The boy is taller than any other boy in his class.

這個(gè)男孩比他班里任何別的男孩都高。

I don't want any other oranges. 我不要任何別的桔子。

8. I have some more. 我有更多一些。

some more  更多一些，后加可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。

much more  后加不可數(shù)名詞

many more  后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

I want many more books. 我想要更多的書(shū)。

9. It's a man who can ride his bicycle backwards while playing the violin.

那是一個(gè)能邊拉小提琴邊倒騎車(chē)的人。

while (when)  當(dāng)……時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或是it時(shí)，在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí)，則可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be。例：

I will go to visit Beijing if (it is) possible.

Although (I am) ugly, I am gentle.

盡管我丑，我很溫柔。

形容詞和副詞

一、形容詞的用法：形容詞修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。也可以放在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。

1．直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

That’s a heavy box.(定語(yǔ))       He’s very happy to come here.(表語(yǔ))

The good news made me very happy.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

2.有些形容詞是表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。例如：afraid 害怕的   alone單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自     asleep睡著的     ill生病的。

He is an ill man. （錯(cuò)） 　    The man is ill. （對(duì)）

She is an afraid girl.（錯(cuò)）   The girl is afraid. （對(duì)）

這類(lèi)形容詞還有： well，（身體）好的unwell（身體）不舒適的， alike相象的，alive活著的, awake醒著的等。

3.形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody 等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞之后，例如：something nice

1.)4.形容詞使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:

1）大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly友好的，lovely可愛(ài)的，lonely孤單的，

lively熱鬧的,有生氣的，活潑的,等仍為形容詞。

She sang lovely. (錯(cuò)) ------ Her singing was lovely. （對(duì)）

He spoke to me very friendly.（錯(cuò)）------ He spoke to me in a very friendly way. -(對(duì))

* politely,  truly,  terribly

2）某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry     如:The poor are losing hope.

3）有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體，與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。

the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

4.)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?/p>

限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì)，類(lèi)別--名詞

a small round table    a dirty old brown shirt

a tall gray building    a famous German medical school 　an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例題:

1）Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.　little two other　B. two little other　　C.　two other little　 D.　little other two

答案：C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone　　 B. Chinese old stone　　C. old stone Chinese　　D. Chinese stone old

答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny last

答案：B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的放在后，在不能確定時(shí)，可參照下表：

限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+

those + three + beautiful + large + square

新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞old + brown + wood + table