二.分?jǐn)?shù)：fractions

　　分子：numerator

　　分母：denominator

　　分?jǐn)?shù)的加減乘除：addition，subtraction，multiplication and division of fractions

　　繁分?jǐn)?shù)和假分?jǐn)?shù)：mixed number and improper fraction

　　繁分?jǐn)?shù)是指一個數(shù)由一個整數(shù)和一個分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成。

　　假分?jǐn)?shù)是指分子大于分母的分?jǐn)?shù)。例如：7/3

　　三.小數(shù)：decimals

　　科學(xué)計(jì)數(shù)法：scientific notation

　　Sometimes decimals are expressed as the product of a number with only one digit to the left of the decimal point and a power of 10. This is called scientific notation. For example, 231 can be written as 2.31×102 and 0.0231 can be written as 2.31×10-2. When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the exponent of the

　　　10 indicates the number of places that the decimal point is to be moved in the number that is to be multiplied by a power of 10 in order to obtain the product. The decimal point is moved to the right if the exponent is positive and to the left if the exponent is negative. For example, 20.13×103 is equal to 20,130 and 1.91×10-4 is equal to 0.000191.

　　四舍五入：to the nearest

　　小數(shù)點(diǎn)：decimal point，period

　　四.實(shí)數(shù)：real numbers

　　正數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)：positive and negative numbers

　　絕對值：absolute value

　　五.比率與比例：ratio and proportion

　　一個比率ratio可以表示成許多方式，例如：the ratio of 2 to 3可以被表達(dá)為2 to 3，2：3，或者2/3。注意比率中的中項(xiàng)的順序是重要的，即2 to 3和3 to 2不同。A proportion is　a

　　statement that two ratios are equal。例如：2/3=8/12是一個proportion。

　　六.百分比：percent

　　Percent means per hundred or number out of 100。

　　在考題中經(jīng)常會問到從某一數(shù)量到另一數(shù)量百分比的增加或減少。首先算出增加或減少的量，然后除以原來的那個量，即“from”或“than”后面的量。

　　七.數(shù)的冪和根：powers and roots of numbers

　　x n意味著the nth power of x。例如：64 is the 6th power of 2。2 is a 6th root of 64。

　　立方根是指cube root。