Ⅰ.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. Unit 4重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ) 2. it作形式主語(yǔ)的用法 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析 1、 What other natural disasters can you think of? 你還能想到其他的自然災(zāi)害？ think of 想起，想到，認(rèn)為 辨析：think of, think about與think over （1）think of想出，記起，考慮 Eg: Who thought of the idea？ 誰(shuí)想出的這個(gè)主意？ （2）think about思考，考慮 Eg: I'll think about your suggestion，and give you an answer tomorrow． 我要考慮一下你的建議，明天給你答復(fù)。 （3）think over 意為“仔細(xì)考慮”。 Eg: Think over，and you'll find a way． 仔細(xì)考慮一下，你就會(huì)有辦法的。 【拓展】What do you think of…? 是固定句型，意為“你覺(jué)得……怎么樣？”，相當(dāng)于“How do you like…?”。 Eg: What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 2、Because he is interested in the North and South Poles. 因?yàn)樗麑?duì)南北極感興趣。 be interested in 對(duì)…..感興趣， 后面跟名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 The boy is interested in science. They are interested in playing computer games. 辨析： interested與interesting Interesting表示事物本身具有使人產(chǎn)生興趣之處；如The cat is interesting. 而interested表示某人對(duì)某事感興趣；如I am interested in the book bought yesterday. 3、What would happen if our city was badly flooded? 如果我們的城市嚴(yán)重淹水，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情？ happen是不及物動(dòng)詞。happen的用法主要有以下三種： （1）"sth.+happen+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間"，意為"某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了某事"。 Eg：An accident happened in that street. 那條街發(fā)生了一起事故。 What's happening outside? 外面發(fā)生什么事了？ （2）"sth.+happen to+sb."意為"某人出了某事(常指不好的事發(fā)生在某人身上)"。 Eg: A car accident happened to him yesterday. 昨天他發(fā)生了交通事故。 What happened to you? (=What was wrong / the matter with you?) 你怎么啦？ （3）"sb.+happen+to do sth."意為"某人碰巧做某事"；或者”It happens + that從句”，意為“碰巧…..” Eg: I happened to meet her in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇見(jiàn)她。 It happened that I was out when he called. 他來(lái)訪時(shí)我碰巧不在。 辨析：happen與take place 1). take place 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。 Eg：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. 2). happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。 Eg：What happened to you? I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 4、Would anyone remain alive? 還有人活著嗎？ （1）remain此處作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“一直保持；仍然處于某種狀態(tài)”，后面可接形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞ing形式、動(dòng)詞ed形式或介詞短語(yǔ)。 Eg：Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest. 無(wú)論你取得多么大的成就，你都該保持謙虛。 【拓展】remain stay 都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動(dòng)�！眗emain 常可與stay 互換。 1）表示“繼續(xù)呆在某處”時(shí)，應(yīng)該用不及物動(dòng)詞remain或stay Eg：Shall I go or stay? He remained in his seat after all the other students had gone home. 2）表示“繼續(xù)保持或處于原來(lái)的狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可用remain或stay Eg： The door stayed closed. 3）表示“暫住、短期停留”時(shí)，只能用不及物動(dòng)詞stay Eg：He is staying at Hilton Hotel. 4）表示“殘留、剩下”時(shí)，只能用不及物動(dòng)詞remain Eg：Not much of the house remained after the fire. 5） remain 強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, stay強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開 Eg：This place remains cool all summer. He stayed to see the end of the game. （2）alive形容詞，意為“活著的，在世的”。 Eg: Is the old man alive now? 【注意】alive和living都可以表示“活著的”，但alive通常作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)；而living修飾人或者物時(shí)需要前置。 Eg: All living things need air. 5、It covered roads, parks and small houses. 水淹沒(méi)了道路、公園和小房子。 Cover 此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“覆蓋；蓋上”，常與介詞with搭配。 cover… with … 意為“用……把……蓋住”（表示動(dòng)作） be covered with... 意為“被……覆蓋”（表示狀態(tài)） Eg: Please cover the table with a white cloth. The hills are covered with trees. 【拓展】cover 還可以用作名詞，意為“覆蓋物；封面等” Eg：The book needs a new cover. 6、Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. 大件的物體，例如汽車和輪船，從窗前經(jīng)過(guò)。 pass by 意為“通過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)”；還可以表示“（時(shí)間）逝去；過(guò)去”。 Eg: I see them pass by my house every day. Three years had passed by before she finally found a suitable job. 7、I had to do something. 我必須做點(diǎn)什么！ 辨析：have to 與must （1）must多表示主觀需要或責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事，多譯為“必須”，而have to多表示客觀存在的環(huán)境所限,即客觀要求(無(wú)奈)而為之，多譯為“不得不干某事”。 Eg：I must clean the room because there are too dirty.（無(wú)人強(qiáng)迫） 因?yàn)樘�臟了，我必須要打掃房間。 We must be there on time. （責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使）我們一定準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。 I have to do my homework now.（不得不做） 我現(xiàn)在不得不做作業(yè)。 I have to leave school because my family is poor now.（無(wú)奈） 因?yàn)榧依锔F了，我不得不退學(xué)。 （2）must沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 Eg: Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him. We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我們不必上學(xué)。 （3）must的否定為mustnt， 多表示“禁令”。 Eg：No!You mustnt turn left! You must turn right into The Strand. 不！你不能向左轉(zhuǎn)！你應(yīng)該向右轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入到strand中。 由must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”； 此用法在中考中的單選題中容易出現(xiàn)！ Eg: 1）—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock? 我必須要在8點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)嗎? —Yes, you must. 是的，必須。 2）—Must I attend the meeting? 我必須要參加這次會(huì)議嗎？ —No, you needn’t/don’t have to. You can ask Tom to go instead. 不，你不必。你可以讓湯姆替你去。 7、I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. 我試圖給我爸爸打電話，但是電話線路不通。 （1）try to do sth. 意為“試圖/努力做某事”，側(cè)重盡力，為了達(dá)到目的而努力；否定形式為try not to do sth. I’m trying to learn English well. （2）try doing sth. 意為“試著/嘗試做某事”，只是一種新的嘗試，不一定付出很大的努力。 Let’s try knocking at the back door. 【拓展】 1）try one’s best to do sth. 意為“盡某人努力做某事” We should try our best to practice speaking English. 2）try on 意為“試穿” Can I try in on? 3）try 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“嘗試”，常構(gòu)成have a try，意為“試一試” I can’t open the door. Will I have a try? 8、It’s impossible to stick with it. 堅(jiān)持工作很重要。 （1）It’s +形容詞+ for sb. + to do sth. 意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事時(shí)……的” It’s +形容詞+of sb. +to do sth. 意為“某人做某事是…..的“，此句式中的形容詞是描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：polite, nice, kind, good, friendly等。此句式也可以改為Sb. +be +形容詞+ to do sth. Eg: It’s hard for me to answer your questions. It was foolish of him to go alone. = He was foolish to go alone. （2）stick with 意為“持續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；不放棄”；還可以表示“緊接；不離開；和……呆在一起” Eg: Stick with your schedule for the week. Stick with them. There’s safety in numbers. 9、My friends replied,” I have no time to drink about the flood…” 我的朋友說(shuō)：“我沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮洪水…..” 辨析：reply與answer （1）兩者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 屬常用詞，多用于一般性應(yīng)答，而 reply 則較正式，多指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮而作出答復(fù)。 Eg: I was so nervous that I couldn’t answer [reply]. 我緊張得沒(méi)作回答。 （2）answer 可自由地用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，而 reply 除后接 that 從句或引出直接引語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞外，一般只用作不及物動(dòng)詞。其后若接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)借助介詞 to。 Eg：He replied that he had changed his mind. 他回答說(shuō)他改變了主意。 He didn’t answer [reply to] my question. 他沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)題。 比較下面兩句： He did not know what to reply. 他不知道回答什么(即：用什么回答)。 He did not know what to reply to. 他不知道回答什么問(wèn)題(即：對(duì)什么作回答)。 （3）answer 除表示“回答”外，還可表示接聽(tīng)(電話)或?qū)﹂T鈴等聲響作出反應(yīng)等(常與 telephone, door, bell, door-bell 等連用)。但 reply 不能這樣用。 Eg：Who answered the telephone? 誰(shuí)接的電話? A little girl answered the door. 一個(gè)小女孩應(yīng)聲去開門。 Nobody answered my call for help. 沒(méi)有人理會(huì)我的呼救。 （4）兩者除用作動(dòng)詞外，都可用作名詞。要表示“對(duì)……的回答(答復(fù)，答案)”等，其后均接介詞 to (不用 of)。 Eg：Have you had an answer to your letter? 你寄出的信有回音沒(méi)有? I received no reply to my request. 我的要求沒(méi)有收到任何答復(fù)。 10、In surprise people finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. 最后人們驚訝地開始注意到洪水，但是已經(jīng)太晚了。 in surprise 驚訝地 to one’s surprise 令人吃驚的是 【拓展】notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某個(gè)人正在做某事； notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 我注意到她正在房間里哭。___________________________________ 我注意到她在房間里哭。_____________________________________ 10、My computer is dead, so I will have to buy a new one. 我的電腦不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了，所以我必須買一臺(tái)新的。 辨析：one, it, that it指代的是同類同物，that指代的是同類異物，one指的是上下文中提到的同類事物中的一個(gè)。 Eg: ①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden. ②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom. ③The population of China is larger than that of any other country. 11、The boy was so quiet that often no one would notice when he came in the room. 那個(gè)男孩如此安靜，以至于當(dāng)他進(jìn)入房間時(shí)經(jīng)常沒(méi)有人會(huì)注意到。 So… that 意為“如此……以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so后接形容詞或副詞。 Eg：He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 【拓展】在so… that結(jié)構(gòu)中，若that 從句的主語(yǔ)一致，在否定句中可與too… to…或not… enough to…結(jié)構(gòu)互換。 He is so young that he can’t join the army. = He is too young to join the army. = He isn’t old enough to join the army. 12、What awful weather! 多糟糕的天氣�。� （1）what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+(it is). What a clever girl she is! （2）How+adj.（adv.）+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+(it is). How cold it is today! 13、The government asked people to leave for higher ground… leave for 動(dòng)身去……；啟程去…… 昨天他們動(dòng)身去北京。_____________________________________ 【拓展】 （1）leave可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“離開。出發(fā)�！背Ｓ糜诙陶Z(yǔ)，意為“動(dòng)身，出發(fā)(去某地)” He left Pairs for New York. （2）leave 屬非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它不能和表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，如果要表示離開一段時(shí)間，要用be away來(lái)代替。 I have been away for a week. （3）leave用作名詞時(shí)，可以表達(dá)多種含義，如“休假。假期，許可，同意” I had a two week leave. （4）take leave of =take one’s leave意為“向… 告別” He took his leave and went home. 14、Barry suggested putting food, water and medicine in a disaster survival kit. 巴里建議把食物、水和藥品放進(jìn)一個(gè)災(zāi)難救生包里。 （1）suggest后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，但不接動(dòng)詞不定式。 He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. （2）suggest sb. to do sth. 向某人建議某事 What did you suggest to the manager? （3）suggest表“建議”，其后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“主語(yǔ)（+should）+動(dòng)詞原形” I suggest（that）we （should）hold a meeting. 15、In the end, the asteroid did not hit the Earth. 最后，小行星沒(méi)有撞擊地球。 辨析：in the end, finally, at last （1）in the end 意為“終于”“最后”，表示經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化、周折或捉摸不定的情況后發(fā)生了某事，也許是期待中的情況，也許是非期待中的情況。還可以表示一種推測(cè)。 He worked hard, and in the end he succeeded. （2）at last 僅僅用于表示經(jīng)過(guò)周折、等待或努力出現(xiàn)所期待的結(jié)果，不用于出現(xiàn)非期待的結(jié)果。 My son is at home in the end/at last. （3）finally 既可用于表示時(shí)間位置，相當(dāng)于 in the end，也可以用于表示時(shí)間的先后順序，如同 first(ly)，second(ly)，next，then，last，lastly 等詞的用法。 Finally, I’d like to thank you all for coming.