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2017年中考指導:初中英語語法大全之定語從句

時間:2017-02-15 11:11:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
定語從句
  1在復合句中做定語的從句稱為定語從句,它可以用來修飾名詞或代詞。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后面。
  2引導定語從句的詞通常被稱為關系詞。關系詞一般位于先行詞與定語從句之間,且作為定語從句的一個成分。關系詞又分為關系代詞和關系副詞。
  I 關系代詞引導的定語從句
  關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
  1)who, whom, that
  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
  2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
  3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
  農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
  The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
  II. 關系副詞引導的定語從句
  關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
  1) 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如:
  I will never forget the day when I met her. 我將永遠不會忘記我見到她的那一天
  Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
  2)that代替關系副詞,可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
  III.判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
  方法一: 用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。
  判斷改錯:
  (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
  方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。