2014年6月六級閱讀真題及答案

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks,You are required to select One word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

　　Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bamk is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on　Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts and often have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be ____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky.

　　Two questions often_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have to hold it until the matueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on ____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have a degree of risk.

　　The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is high enough.

　　注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　A) advantages　I) fluctuate

　　B) assess　J) indefinite

　　C) bother K) insured

　　D) conserved　L) major

　　E) deduction　M) naturally

　　F) discount　N) potential

　　G) embarrass　0) simultaneously

　　H) features

　　參考答案

　　36. N) spoiling

　　本空與前面的spend構(gòu)成spend time doing的搭配，需要?jiǎng)釉~ing形式。備選的有illustrating(闡述)和spoiling(寵愛)，能與空后的grandkids構(gòu)成合理搭配的明顯只有spoiling，意為“花更多時(shí)間去寵孫子”。

　　37. K) radically

　　本空所在句不缺主干成分，且本空是修飾different ideas，因此需要副詞。備選的有mysteriously(神秘地)、radically(根本地)和separately(分開地)。能與 different ideas構(gòu)成合理搭配的只有radically，這里做程度副詞，表示丈夫與妻子有著“根本上不同的觀點(diǎn)”。

　　38. C) disagree

　　本空為從句中的謂語，因此缺少動(dòng)詞，由于從句主語為復(fù)數(shù)couples，因此需要?jiǎng)釉~原形或過去式;且要考慮與空后的on構(gòu)成搭配，應(yīng)為不及物動(dòng)詞。備選的有assume(假設(shè))、disagree(不同意)、observe(觀察)和underestimate(低估)。其中不及物且與on能構(gòu)成搭配的只有disagree。另外，第一段段末提到的丈夫與妻子有著“根本上不同的觀點(diǎn)”也提示了這里所描述的現(xiàn)象應(yīng)當(dāng)是夫妻們不同意彼此的意見。

　　39. O) underestimate

　　本空為該句謂語，且與之并列的前半句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此需要?jiǎng)釉~原形，備選的有assume(假設(shè))、observe(觀察)和 underestimate(低估)。能夠與空后的age構(gòu)成合理搭配的只有underestimate，意為丈夫們“低估了妻子退休時(shí)的年齡”。另外，前半句與該句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，而前半句提到的是妻子一般能正確判斷丈夫的退休年齡，可知該句應(yīng)描述的是丈夫不了解妻子的退休年齡。

　　40. I) optimistic

　　本空為表語，且被副詞slightly修飾，空氣還有more，提示了應(yīng)為形容詞。備選的又confidential(機(jī)密的)、 forthcoming(即將到來的)和optimistic(樂觀的)。注意本空形容的是空后的standard of living(生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，能構(gòu)成合理意思的只有optimistic，意為丈夫比妻子“對于生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要略微樂觀一些”。

　　41. M) separately

　　本空與together構(gòu)成并列，因此應(yīng)該與together詞性一致，為副詞。備選的有mysteriously(神秘地)和 separately(分開地)。能與together意思上構(gòu)成并列的只有separately，表示正好相反的狀態(tài)，被or串聯(lián)，構(gòu)成選擇型的并列。

　　42. A) assume

　　本空為該句謂語，且并列的后半句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而本句主語為復(fù)數(shù)they，因此本空需要?jiǎng)釉~原形。備選的有assume(假設(shè))和observe(觀察)。能在這里構(gòu)成合理意思的只有assume，意為“他們以為他們意見一致”。

　　43. L) reality

　　空前的the提示了本空需要名詞，空后的is提示了本空需要可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。備選的有formula(公式、方案)、 package(包裹)和reality(現(xiàn)實(shí))。這里能構(gòu)成合理意思的只有reality，意為“但現(xiàn)實(shí)是他們甚至都沒有談?wù)撨@個(gè)話題”。注意前半句的 assume暗示了前半句是夫妻們自以為的現(xiàn)象、也就是假象，這也暗示43空所在的轉(zhuǎn)折之后的后半句描述的才是真相。

　　44. E) forthcoming

　　本空是在形容retirement date(退休日期)，需要形容詞。備選的有confidential(機(jī)密的)和forthcoming(即將到來的)。能構(gòu)成合理意思的只有 forthcoming，意為“常常是馬上就要來臨的退休日成為了退休規(guī)劃的催化劑”，即人們只有接近退休的時(shí)候才會被迫開始做規(guī)劃。

　　45. J) package

　　空前的an后面需要可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，但early-retirement并非可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，因此本空才應(yīng)當(dāng)是被an限定的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。備選的有 formula(公式、方案)和package(包裹)。這里意思更合理的是package，這個(gè)詞可以表示“一攬子計(jì)劃”，early- retirement package意為“提前退休計(jì)劃”。

　　Section B

　　Directions::In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statments attached to it.each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.identify the paragraph from weich the information is derived.you may choose a parpgraph more than once.each paragraph is marked with a letter.answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.

　　lessons from a Feminist Paradise

　　[A]On the surface,Sweden appears to be a feminist paradise.Look at any global survey of gender equality and Sweden will be near the top.Family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16 months of paid parental leave,special protections for part-time workers,and state-subsidized preschools where,according to a government website,"gender-awareness education is increasingly common."due to an unfficial quota system,women hold 45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament.they have enjoyed the protection of government agencies with titles like the Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality and the Secretariat of Gender Research.So why are American women so far ahead of their Swedish counterparts in breaking through the glass ceiling?

　　[B]in a 2012 report,the World Economic Forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in"econmic participation and opportunity,"the United States is ahead of not only Sweden but also Finland,Denmark,the Netherlands,Iceland,Germany,and the United Kingdom.Sweden's rank in the report can largely be explained by its political quota system.Though the United States has fewer women in the workorce(68 percent compared to Sweden's 77 percent).American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as manangers or professionals.They also own more businesses,lauch more start-ups(新創(chuàng)辦的企業(yè)),and more often work in traditionally male fields.As for breaking through the glass ceiling in business,American women are well in the lead.

　　[C]what explains the American advantage?How can it be that societies like Sweden,where gender equality is vigorously pusued and engorced,have fewer female managers,executives,professionals,and business owners than eh laissez-faire(自由放任的)united states?A new study by clrnell economists Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn gives an explanation.

　　[D]Generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options have unintended consequences:instead of strengthening women's attachment to the workplace,they appear to weaken it.In addition to a 16-month leave,a swedish parent has the right to work six hours a day (for a reduced salary)until his or her child is eight years old.Mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage of this law,But extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmful to careers—for both genders. And with women a second factor comes into play:most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangement(once known as the “mommytrack”)and never find their way back to full-time or high-level employment.In sum:generous family-friendly policies do keep more women in the labor market,but they also tend to diminisb their careers.

　　[E] According to Blau and Kahn,Swedish-style paternal(父親的)leave policies and flexibletime arrangements pose a second threat to woman’s progress:they make employers cautious about hiring woman for full-time positions at all.Offering ajob to a man is the safer bet.He is far less likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced work schedule for the next eight years.

　　[F]I became aware of the triale of career-focused European woman a few years ago when I met a post-doctoral student from Germany who was then a visiting fellow at Johns Hopkins. She was astonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young American woman. Her best hope in Germany was a govermment job—prospects for woman in the private sector were dim.”In Germany “ she told me,”we have all the benefits,”but employers don’t’ wan to hire us.”

　　[G] Swedish economists Magnus Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula addressed the following question in their 2009 study:why are there so few female top executives in the European egalitarian(平等主義的)welfare states?Their answer:”Broad-based welfare-state policies hinder women’s representation in elite competitive positions.”

　　[H] It is tempting to declare the Swedish policies regressive(退步的)and hail the American system as superior.But that would be shortsighted.The Swedes can certainly take a lesson from the United States and look for ways to clear a path for their ambitious female careerists. But most woman are not committsd careerists.When the Pew Research Center recently asked American parents to identify their”ideal”life arrangement,47 percent of mothers said they would prefer to work park-time and 20percent said they would prefer not to work at all.Fathers answered differrntly:75 percent preferred full-time work.Some version of the Swedish system might work well for a majority of American parents,but the United States is unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model. Still,we can learn from their experience.

　　[I] Despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling,Sweden has one of the most powerful and innovative economies in the world.In its 2011-2012survey,the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the “rockstar of the recovery”in the Washington Post,also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness. It is a society well worth studying,and its efforts to conquer the gender gap impart a vital lesson—though not the lesson the Swedes had in mind。

　　[J] Sweden has gone farther than any other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the same opportunities and freedoms as men.For decades,these descendants of the Vikings have been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlinghtened policy.consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearingwould close the gender divide once and for all.Yet the divide persists.

　　[K] A 2012 press release from Statistics Sweden bears the title “Gender Equality in Sweden Treading(踩)Water” and notes:

　　1、The total income from employment for all ages is lower for women than for men.

　　2、One in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time.

　　3、Women's working time is influenced by the number and age of theirchildren, but men′s working time is not affected by these factors.

　　4、Of all employees，only 13 percent of the women and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution of the sexes.

　　[L] Confronted with such facts, some Swedish activists and legislators are demanding more ex-treme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitahta(被吸引) toward gendered play. When it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids. Ulf Kristersson. minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine the causcs of and possiiblce cures for this disturbing stale of affairs.

　　[M]Swcdish family policies, by accommodating women's preferences efleetively, are reduting the number of women in elite competitive positions. The Swedes will find this paradoxical and try to find solutions. Let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns, policing children′s play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating women′s special attachment to home and family as a social injustice. Most mothers do not aspire to (向往) elite, competitive full-time positions: the Swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. Americans should look past the gender rhetoric and consider what these Scandina-vians have achieved. On their way to creating a feminist paradise, the Swedes have uninten-tionally created a haven (避風(fēng)港) for normal mortals.

　　注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　46.Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap. but it conimucs 10 exist.

　　47.Sweden is one of the most competitive economics life satisfaction.

　　48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women.

　　49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on women′s careers.

　　50.The quota system in Sweden ensures women′s better representation in government.

　　51.Though the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirety.

　　52.Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.

　　53.Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.

　　54.Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden.

　　55.Some lawmakers in Sweden propose that genderless pronouns be used in the Swedish language.

　　參考答案

　　46. Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap, but it continues to exist.

　　答案J。

　　解析：“has done more than other nations”對應(yīng)第一句“has gone farther than any other nation”, “close the gender gap”對應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二句“close the gender divide”，“it continues to exist”對應(yīng)最后一句“the divide persists”

　　47. Sweden is one of the most competitive economies in the world and its people enjoy the greatest life satisfaction.

　　答案I。

　　解析： “one of the most competitive economies in the world”對應(yīng)第二句 “the world’s third most competitive economy”， “…enjoy the greatest life satisfaction”對應(yīng)第三句“… also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness”

　　48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women.

　　答案M。

　　解析： “elite job positions” 對應(yīng)第一句“elite competitive positions”， “More American…than Swedish women”對應(yīng)第一句瑞士的政策正在“reducing the number of women in elite positions”,結(jié)合后文提到美國的情況，得出更多美國女性擁有高級職位。

　　49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on women’s career.

　　答案D。

　　解析： “Swedish family-friendly policies”對應(yīng)第一句“Generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options”，“a negative influence”指的就是第二句提到的“they appear to weaken it”，這里的it指的是前文提到的“women’s attachment to the workplace” 。

　　50. The quota system in Sweden ensures women’s better representation in government.

　　答案A。

　　解析： “The quota system in Sweden”對應(yīng)第四句“an unofficial quota system”，“representation in government” 對應(yīng)后來提到的“45 percent of positions in the Swedish parliament” 。

　　51. Though the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirely.

　　答案H。

　　解析：“the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents”對應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二句“Swedish system might work well for a majority of American parents”，“may not be accepted by them in its entirely”對應(yīng)最后一句“unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model”。

　　52. Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.

　　答案M。

　　解析：瑞典的女性有更多自由和機(jī)會來選擇想要的生活。該句直接對應(yīng)M段倒數(shù)第3句話：” the Swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer.”

　　53. Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.

　　答案E。

　　解析：因?yàn)榧彝ビ押眯驼�策，瑞典的雇主們在雇傭全職女性時(shí)會有顧慮。對應(yīng)E段第一句話，” they make employers wary of hiring women for full-time positions at all.”句中 they 指的就是family-friendly policies，而be hesitant about是對be wary of的改寫。

　　54. Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden.

　　答案A。

　　解析：根據(jù) “Gender-awareness education”對應(yīng)到A段第3句話：“state-subsidized preschools where, gender-awareness education is increasingly common.” 而 “more and more popular”就是對 “increasingly common”的改寫。

　　55. Some lawmakers in Sweden propose the genderless pronouns be used in the Swedish language.

　　答案L。

　　解析：根據(jù)”lawmakers”對應(yīng)到L段第一句“l(fā)egislators”，”the genderless pronouns” 對應(yīng) “replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative”。

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). B). C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Texting has long been bemoaned (哀嘆)as the downfall of the written word,””penmanship for illiter,”as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL.

　　Texting properly isn′t writing at all. It′s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.

　　First,some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago. whereas Ianguage probably traces back at least 80.000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk，with short sentences.

　　However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started cratting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Per trsians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and……”

　　No one talks like that casually — or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do — and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgaritv. texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.

　　Take LOL. It doesn’t actually mean “l(fā)aughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back ，LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signals basic empath)’(同感)between tcxters. easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it docs something - conveying an attitude — just like the -cd ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning.，anything. LOL. of all things, is grammar.

　　Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not，blessed.

　　Civilization, then，is fine 一 people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the w ay they write, and texting -quick, casual and only intended to be read once — is actually a way of talking with your fingers.

　　56. What do critics say about texting?

　　A) It is mainly confined to youngsters

　　B) It competes with traditional writing.

　　C) It will ruin the wnttcn language.

　　D) It is often hard to understand.

　　57. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?

　　A) It is crafted with specific skills.

　　C) It does not have as long a history.

　　B) It expresses ideas more accuratcly.

　　D) It is not as easy to comprehend.

　　58. Why is LOL much used in tcxting?

　　A) It brings textcrs closer to each other.

　　B) It shows the tcxtcr's sophistication.

　　C) It is a trendy way to communicate

　　D) It adds to the humor of the text

　　59. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show

　　A) the difTerencc between writing and talking

　　B) how difTercntly words are used in tcxting

　　C) why people use the words the way they do

　　D) the gradual change of word meaning

　　60.what does the author think of texting?

　　A)It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.

　　B)It is a new form of verbal communication.

　　C)It deteriorates pelple's composition skills.

　　D)It hastens the decline of the written word.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61to 65are based on the following passage.

　　it's possible to admire oprah winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn't awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker spot at yesterday's graduation.There's no question Oprah's achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent,charm,and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone of world's most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.

　　Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts,business,and politics.Harvard's list in recent years has included Kofi fi Annan,Bill Gates,Meryl Streep,and David Souter.But Oprah's list in recent years has included Kofi Annan,Bill Gates,Mery1 Streep,and david souter.But Oprah's particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto(座右銘),Veritas,means truth.Oprah's passionate advocacy extends,unfortunately,to a hearty embrace of fake science.Most notoriously,Oprah's validation of jenny McCarthy's claim that vaccines cause autism(自閉癥)has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.

　　Famous people arc entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us. and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of insututional pnonties and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students. Oprah was a widely popular choice.

　　But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American univereities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College. Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections. “It seems vcrv odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational…… at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.”

　　As America′s oldest and most visible university. Harvard has a spccial opportunity to convey its respcct for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.

　　Unfortunately，many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard′s public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversywas really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.

　　As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it’s easy to lose sight of their primary mission; to produce and spread knowledge.This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method.Oprah Winfrey’s honoray doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.

　　61.what do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?

　　A)She was a distinguished graduate of H arvard School of LaW.

　　B)She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.

　　C)She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.

　　D)She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.

　　62.Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah winfrey?

　　A) She did not specialize in the study of law.

　　B)She was known as a supporter of fake science.

　　C)She was an icon of the entertainment industry

　　D)She had not distinguished herself academically.

　　63.How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard’s decision in his blong post ?

　　A)He was strongly against it.

　　B)He considered it unpopular.

　　C)He thought it would help enhance Harvard’s reputation.

　　D)He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.

　　64.What is the author’s regret about many American universities?

　　A)They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry

　　B)They fall short of expectations in teaching and research

　　C)They attach too much importance to public relations

　　D)They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense

　　65.What does the author think a prestigious university like H arvard should focus on?

　　A)Cultivation of student creativity

　　B)Liberation of the human mind

　　C)Liberation of the human mind

　　D)Pursuit of knowledge and truth

　　參考答案

　　56. C. It will ruin the written language.

　　解析：題干問到批評者對短消息的評價(jià)，這出現(xiàn)在首段首句。這里批評者哀嘆短消息是downfall of the written word(書面文字的衰落)。downfall對應(yīng)ruin(毀壞、墮落)，written word對應(yīng)written language。

　　57. A. It is crafted with specific skills.

　　解析：題干所問的書面語與口語的區(qū)別出現(xiàn)在第二段。本段，作者用兩者歷史長短的差異引出了兩者特點(diǎn)的差異：書面語是出現(xiàn)在口語之后的一種工藝 (writing is just a craft that came along later)。下文具體舉例，體現(xiàn)了書面語突出句子的技術(shù)性(crafting long-winded sentences)。這都對應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)所說的“書面語歷史不如口語久”(It does not have as long a history)在本段有提及，但并非是作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的兩者的區(qū)別。其它選項(xiàng)未提及。

　　58. A. It brings texters closer to each other.

　　解析：題干問到LOL在短信中的功能，出現(xiàn)在第四段。該段開頭指出LOL并不是簡單的字面意思(doesn’t mean…in a literal sense anymore)，而是演變?yōu)榱烁�微妙、�?fù)雜的含義(evolve into something much subtler and sophisticated)。我該段中間進(jìn)一步舉例指出，LOL可以消除對話雙方的緊張、創(chuàng)造公平感(easing tension and creating a sense of equality)。這即被改寫為brings texters closer(將雙方拉得更近)。

　　59. D. the gradual change of word meaning

　　解析：題干問到meat和silly的例子被引用是為了說明什么。文中meat和silly出現(xiàn)在第五段末的破折號后，而破折號前即是這兩個(gè)詞作為例子要論證的觀點(diǎn)：詞與表達(dá)的意思會隨著時(shí)間變化(Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression frits)。這對應(yīng)的即是D選項(xiàng)。

　　60. B. It is a new form of verbal communication.

　　解析：本題所問的作者對短信息的觀點(diǎn)集中出現(xiàn)在末段。末段首句作者提出發(fā)短信并不會導(dǎo)致寫作技能的衰退(there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills)。第二句提到發(fā)短信事實(shí)上是一種用手指說話的方式(is actually a way of talking with your fingers)，這對應(yīng)的就是B選項(xiàng)的意思。

　　61. B. She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.

　　解析：文章首段介紹了關(guān)于Oprah Winfrey的信息。首段末提到她為one of the world’s most successful entertainment icons(世界上最的娛樂偶像之一)，這對應(yīng)的就是B選項(xiàng)。其它幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A稱其為“哈佛大學(xué)法學(xué)院”的畢業(yè)生(a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law)，但首段首句明確提出哈佛只是給她辦法榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位(honorary doctor of law degree)，可知她本人并非哈佛畢業(yè)。C說她曾“虐待自己的小孩”(abuse her children)，但首段末句只是提到她本人曾被虐待、且曾是一位年輕的母親(this former abused teenage mother)。D稱她通過長期支持偽科學(xué)而有名(achieved her fame through advocacy of fake science)。第二段第四句確實(shí)提及Opera支持偽科學(xué)理論，但這并非她成名之道;她是由娛樂界的身份而成名的。

　　62. B. She was known as a supporter of fake science.

　　解析：題干問到作者認(rèn)為哈佛不應(yīng)該給Oprah頒發(fā)榮譽(yù)學(xué)位的原因，作者在第二段第三句中提到了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)(Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit)。原因出現(xiàn)在第四句，作者提出Oprah一致相當(dāng)擁護(hù)偽科學(xué)理論(Oprah’s passionate advocacy extends to a hearty embrace of fake science)。這對應(yīng)的即是B選項(xiàng)。

　　63. A. He was strongly against it.

　　解析：題干問到的Harry Lewis在Blog spot中對哈佛行為的評價(jià)出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第二句，這里明確說道Harry表示了他對此行為的反對(objection)，并舉他具體的話強(qiáng)調(diào)了他認(rèn)為哈佛決定的不妥以及不合時(shí)宜。這對應(yīng)的是A選項(xiàng)。其它選項(xiàng)都無法體現(xiàn)Harry的強(qiáng)烈負(fù)面態(tài)度。

　　64. A. They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry.

　　解析：題干問到作者對許多美國大學(xué)的遺憾，這直接對應(yīng)第六段段首的unfortunately，其后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該就是令作者感到遺憾的事。這里作者提到許多美國大學(xué)只忙于維護(hù)品牌，對追求知識的保護(hù)則不足夠(not busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge)。這里的not enough即對應(yīng)inadequate�？紤]到上段末作者曾提到哈佛這類大學(xué)應(yīng)該要公開肯定基于證據(jù)的質(zhì)詢(public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry)，而affirmation對應(yīng)respect。結(jié)合上述信息與本段首的unfortunately，可知這里作者想表達(dá)的也就應(yīng)該是這些大學(xué)對于evidence-based inquiry的肯定做得不夠。

　　65. D. Pursuit of knowledge and truth.

　　解析：題干問到作者認(rèn)為像哈佛這種大學(xué)應(yīng)該關(guān)注的方面是什么，這對應(yīng)末段首句作者提到的primary mission(首要任務(wù))，因此這里提到的produce and spread knowledge(制造與傳播知識)即應(yīng)該是正確答案信息，對應(yīng)的也只有D 選項(xiàng)。

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