Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific in industry. One is the general atmosphere of
secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any
inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even , often enough , in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.
Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.
New words and expressions 生詞短語
weigh 起作用
(1) 稱重：I weigh 100 pounds. I am 100 pounds in weight. How much do you weight?
What is your weight?
(2)起作用：It weighs much.這相當(dāng)重要=matters
(3)對誰有利： weigh in favor ofbe weighed in favor ofload in favor of
be loaded in favor of
(4)對誰不利：be weighed againstload/be loaded against
The jugement weighs in favor of the defendant.(被告)原告：plaintiff
effectiveness 成效
work.,effective(有效果的)efficient 高效的effect：come into effect, take effect
in so far as 因此
since, in that, as for as sb, is concerned
贊成：sgree ,support ,stant by your side
inquiry 調(diào)查研究
investigation(case)
examination(有癥結(jié)所在作為前提)
check(不清楚有無毛病)
research(科研)
inquiry into(scientific, a case)
inquire into sth.
inquire about(formal)
inquire after sb.
considerably 相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
程度詞considerate:體貼的， 考慮周到的
sb.+thoughtful, helpful, cooperative
considerable+sth.
I make considerable money.(=substantial)
positive 確實的
The result is positive. His words are positively right. 只做程度副詞
He is positive in the class.(活躍、積累) positive:成陽性的
patent 獲得…專利權(quán)
My invention is patented. I’ll/I’d like to paten my invention.
獲得：take out a patent 專利局 patent office 專利人：patentee 專利權(quán)許可者
(adj.)明顯的，顯著的=obviousIt is patent that he loves the girl.
seek for 尋求
seek for freedomseek truthseek for true love seek for justiceseek after(指人) 過去 分詞:sought
He is much sought after. 搶手 紅得發(fā)紫The book is sought after.暢銷
chance 偶然性的
It is my chance discovery.隨便得到chance companion 萍水相逢
偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西 I find it by chance. I chance to be there.
extent 程度
to some extent /degree
agent 情報人員
be likely to…可能會…..
it+possible
it/sb.+likely
可能性：likelihood
Notes on the text 課文注釋
Two factors:兩個因素weigh against:不利heavily—副詞 effectiveness:效果 給出主題句
general secrecy 普遍存在的保密性atmosphere:氛圍，氣氛it—research
One …,the other the tack of freedom of the individual research worker.
只有并列結(jié)構(gòu)可以省掉謂語
My brother is a driver and my sister a nurse.
lack of freedom 沒有自由度(個體區(qū)別)
general atmosphere(大環(huán)境)
research worker:研究者
In so far as 由于，因為
主語 it—resarchlimit=prewent:阻止，限制engaged in---后置定語
limit from :阻止contact 交流 effective 有效的 fellow scientists 同行
often enough 平凡 firm 公司
contact with 保持聯(lián)系(v.) contact me(n.)keep contact with me
touchkeep in tuch
vary 變化=is diffientIt varies from one family to another.
be of 結(jié)構(gòu)general 普遍的，基礎(chǔ)的 fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的
such…..that
a positive advantage—主語
to them 對他們而言
it---not to keep them secret(形式主語)
be open to any advice and suggestion
yet—轉(zhuǎn)折process 研究過程such research---general and fundamental
are sought for 被追求表示狀語：with complete secrecy
until:直到industries:各個行業(yè)
where…..---表原因chance discoveries:偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)
part：作用they do---chance discoveries
highly predictable 高度可預(yù)測性go to 達(dá)到
such….that 如此,以至于nature 本性，特點
for instance 比如說（插入語）
have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries…..
他們有極大困難獲得專業(yè)的科普書籍
difficulty=troublehave a difficulty=unwilling to do sth.
they are unwilling to 他們不想這樣做
enter 進入，簽名 sign 簽名=have sth. done
have taken out 借書 for fear(虛擬)唯恐，擔(dān)心trace 蹤跡
have a difficulty in =unwilling to do sth.不愿做…..
I have a difficulty shopping with you.(強調(diào)客觀性)
=I am unwilling to shop with you.(更強調(diào)主觀性)
as 作為for fear 唯恐（一見這個詞，就是虛擬語氣）
in case , lest+(should ) do
so as not to (口)
trace=find:發(fā)現(xiàn)trace the route:尋覓蹤跡
undertaking(=carry out) 從事Cheshire:郡=county
to such an extent 達(dá)到如此的效果
The student goes to such an extent that he is rude to his teacher.
