選詞填空部分歷來(lái)被看作是閱讀部分中難的一部分，但是并沒有同學(xué)們想象的那樣高不可攀，因?yàn)槿绻蠹已凶x過(guò)考綱就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，該部分考查詞匯的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不在單詞意思本身，而在詞性的考查，考查語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)也不是什么高難度的句型和語(yǔ)法，而在實(shí)詞成分的判定。而這兩部分都是大家可以提前準(zhǔn)備的，也是南京新東方老師們課堂上已經(jīng)給大家總結(jié)好的。只要大家按照課上所講的答題步驟和技巧去練習(xí)，嚴(yán)格控制答題時(shí)間，該部分拿個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)也不是很難。下面我們先回顧一下課我們課堂上所講的選詞填空的解題步驟吧。
- 解題步驟
- 讀首段首句抓主題句�？季V明確指出首段首句不會(huì)設(shè)空，以便考生能迅速了解文章主題。
- 整理選項(xiàng)標(biāo)詞性。15個(gè)選項(xiàng)中肯定有自己認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，也有不認(rèn)識(shí)的。認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞標(biāo)出詞性問題不大，關(guān)鍵是不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞如何處理。我們課上講過(guò)，不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞分兩種，一種是可以通過(guò)單詞的后綴去猜想的單詞，一種是純不會(huì)的單詞，無(wú)后綴可猜。那么我們首先肯定是勾兌出自己認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，一般為中高考范圍內(nèi)詞匯，并標(biāo)出詞性。其次，勾兌那些通過(guò)后綴可以判斷詞性的單詞�？季V中明確規(guī)定，選詞部分只對(duì)四類單詞進(jìn)行考查，形容詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞和副詞。只要熟記課上我們給大家總結(jié)的這四類詞常見的后綴判斷法，那么這類單詞的詞性不難判斷。也就是說(shuō)，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)一部分單詞是什么意思，但依然能準(zhǔn)確判斷詞性。對(duì)于純不會(huì)的單詞也不于糾結(jié)，先放在那里，我們說(shuō)長(zhǎng)難詞不是選詞考查的重點(diǎn)，無(wú)技巧可猜的單詞很可能是作為干擾選項(xiàng)，我們可以用排除法做。
- 回到原文，缺什么成分補(bǔ)什么成分，一般只讀空格句。由于該部分分配到的時(shí)間有限，且它相對(duì)完形來(lái)講，相對(duì)弱化語(yǔ)境，所以我們沒有必要一句一句地讀，而一般只需讀空格前后。語(yǔ)法不好的同學(xué)也不必?fù)?dān)心，因?yàn)樵摬糠值恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)只會(huì)考查基礎(chǔ)的名動(dòng)形副成分的判定，這部分課上也是給大家總結(jié)過(guò)的。
- 選詞。不要指望一步到位，我們要在有限的時(shí)間里拿到高分?jǐn)?shù)，這一步一定要注意我們選詞的順序。當(dāng)詞性判斷好，后排除剩下兩個(gè)單詞，一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)，一個(gè)不認(rèn)識(shí)時(shí)，一定首先考慮將我們認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞帶入原文，如果意思合適就選該單詞，如果不合適，選擇不認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)單詞。
- 真題解析
Physical activity does the body goodand there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlandsreport that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,_26_to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a_27__of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic _28_, investigators found thatthe more children moved, the better their grades were in schools,__29_in the basic subjects of math, Englishand reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schoolsstruggle to _30_on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S __31_in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be _32_ exclusive . Physical activity can improve blood _33__to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity , which are _34__to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve __35__and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A )attendance B)consequently C) currentD)depressing
E)dropping F)essential G)feasible H)flow I)mood
J)mutually K)particularly L)performance M)review
N)survive O)tend
答案速查：
26.O）tend
27.M) review
28.L) performance
29.K)particularly
30.N)survive
31.E)dropping
32.J)mutually
33.H)flow
34.F)essential
35.I)mood
題目詳解：
首先，我們讀下首段首句。本文主要講的是體育鍛煉不僅對(duì)身體有益，對(duì)大腦也是有好處的。
第二，我們整理一下選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)出詞性。首先標(biāo)出認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，相信下列單詞一定是大多數(shù)同學(xué)都認(rèn)識(shí)的，因?yàn)槭侵锌几叻秶鷥?nèi)的詞匯。第一組單詞如下：
B)consequently adv.
E)dropping v.
F)essential a.
H)flow v./n.
I)mood n.
K)particularly adv.
L)performance n.
M)review n./v.
N)survive v.
O)tend v.
其次，根據(jù)后綴猜一部分單詞。第二組單詞如下：
A )attendance n.
D)depressing v./a.
G)feasible a.
J)mutually adv.
另外就是純不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，第三組單詞如下：
C) current
第三，回到原文，只讀空格句。
26題：該空所在句可以簡(jiǎn)化成children who get more exercise ___ to have higher GPAs， 主語(yǔ)children,且全文為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處缺原形動(dòng)詞，符合條件對(duì)選項(xiàng)有HMNO,根據(jù)文意，該句要表達(dá)的意思是“經(jīng)常鍛煉的孩子往往GPA也高”，故符合條件對(duì)只有O) 選項(xiàng)，tend to do “傾向于，往往”。
27題：in a ___ of 14 studies, 此處需要的單詞為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，觀察第一組認(rèn)識(shí)的選項(xiàng)HILM中，只有M) review代入， a review of 表示“回顧”，故答案為M.
28題: physical activity and academic___，空格前的and表示并列，故判定該處缺名詞，在認(rèn)識(shí)的第一組單詞中排查，還有選項(xiàng)HIL，根據(jù)文意，該處表示“學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)”的意思，故答案為L(zhǎng).
29題：該處缺副詞，符合條件的第一組單詞中有BK，根據(jù)文意，要表達(dá)的意思是“鍛煉越多，成績(jī)?cè)胶�，尤其在一些基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科”，故答案為K.
30題：struggle to___on small budgets,不難看出，該處需要一個(gè)原形動(dòng)詞，優(yōu)先排查第一組認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，HN符合條件，再結(jié)合文意，表達(dá)“依靠很少的預(yù)算努力過(guò)活”，故答案為N)survive.
31題：with standardized test scores in the US___in recent years, 該處考查with表示伴隨狀態(tài)的用法，with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。后文說(shuō)“學(xué)校管理者認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間在教室里而不是操場(chǎng)上”，顯然空格所在句要表達(dá)的意思是“學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降”， with scores dropping 符合題意和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為E.
32題：該處缺副詞，先看第一組單詞，B)consequently 表示“因此”的意思，代入后“但研究表明，成績(jī)和鍛煉并不因此排斥”，看似能說(shuō)得通，但與前一句并不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故排出，再排查第二組靠后綴猜的單詞中J) mutually 是副詞，盡管不認(rèn)識(shí)是“相互地”的意思，但也能用排除法選出答案為J. 這里表示“成績(jī)和鍛煉不相互排斥”。
33題：improve blood ___ to the brain.根據(jù)文意，應(yīng)該表達(dá)改善血流量。該處為名詞修飾名詞，flow（流量）符合題意，故答案為H.
34題：which are ___ to learning , 該處需要形容詞，第一組單詞中F)essential (重要的)符合題意，代入文意為：對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)很重要，故答案為F.
35題：該空缺名詞，第一組認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞中I) mood (情緒) 代入為“改善情緒”符合題意，故答案為I.
通過(guò)對(duì)真題的分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選詞部分考察的重點(diǎn)是詞匯和語(yǔ)法，但這并不意味著同學(xué)們需要識(shí)記海量單詞和弄通多么高深的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。詞匯的考查重點(diǎn)在于詞性的判斷，語(yǔ)法只需掌握名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞四大類詞性成分的判定即可，而這一部分的知識(shí)點(diǎn)正是我們課堂上給大家總結(jié)過(guò)的。另外，動(dòng)詞和名詞依然是重點(diǎn)考查的詞性。
三、備考建議
- 時(shí)間安排
鑒于選詞部分在閱讀中的比例只占5%， 建議同學(xué)們?cè)谠摬糠滞度氲臅r(shí)間控制在5-7分鐘。如果花費(fèi)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)，勢(shì)必會(huì)影響后面的仔細(xì)閱讀，得不償失。
- 答題順序
建議放在整個(gè)閱讀部分的后做。對(duì)于習(xí)慣按順序答題的同學(xué)，盡量控制好答題速度，不要戀戰(zhàn)。
- 解題步驟要點(diǎn)：
1）抓主題句 （首段首句必出主題句 ）
2）整理選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)詞性 （眼熟的先勾兌，眼生的靠后綴）
2）回原文，缺啥補(bǔ)啥 （一般只看空格句，名動(dòng)形副一鍋端）
4）選詞拿分 （千萬(wàn)不要猶猶豫豫，我已努力其他隨天意）
- 知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備
- 常見的后綴判斷法（詳見表1）
- 四大詞性的語(yǔ)法成分判定（詳見表2）
表1: 四大詞性常見后綴
詞性 |
常見后綴 |
名詞 |
-ion, -age, - ness, -ty , -ship, -ance, -ancy, -ence, -dom，-ism |
動(dòng)詞 |
-ize, -fy，-ate，-en |
形容詞 |
-ive, -ent, -ful, -ous, -able, -ic, -cal, -less |
副詞 |
-ly |
表2： 四大詞性語(yǔ)法成分判定
詞性 |
語(yǔ)法成分判定 |
名詞 |
a.冠詞a, an, the 的后面 |
動(dòng)詞 |
一個(gè)句子是否缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞顯而易見，關(guān)鍵在判斷動(dòng)詞的形式
過(guò)去時(shí)：考慮加-ed
|
形容詞 |
|
副詞 |
|
講到這里，大家是否還覺得選詞部分“高不可攀”呢？希望大家能夠把握好選詞填空5%的比重，提高閱讀單項(xiàng)的得分點(diǎn)，同時(shí)預(yù)祝大家在四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試中都能取得理想的成績(jī)！
第三套
Section C Passage1
Robot
南京新東方卜銀
南京新東方艾偉
南京新東方袁靜
46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D. It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
答案：C
解析：題干問，關(guān)于機(jī)器人的威脅，作者說(shuō)了什么啥？根據(jù)題干中的robot threat以及順序原則（第一題對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段），that robots could become a threat. 繼續(xù)往后看This danger can be avoided…據(jù)此可以判定答案選C。
47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A. They are aggressive
B. They are ignorant
C. They are outgoing
D. They are ill-bred
答案：D
解析：題干問，我們會(huì)怎么看待入侵我們空間的人？根據(jù)題干的personal space可以定位到原文第四段的末尾，根據(jù)原文的you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do可以確定答案為D。
48. How do robots learn human value？
A. By interacting with human in everyday life situations.
B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
答案：C
解析：題干問機(jī)器人如何學(xué)習(xí)人類的價(jià)值？根據(jù)題干中的human values以及順序原則可以定位到原文第6段，根據(jù)Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior可以確定答案選C
49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.
答案:C
解析：題干問當(dāng)面臨一個(gè)非常規(guī)情景時(shí)，具有良好編程的機(jī)器人會(huì)怎么辦？根據(jù)題干中的unusual situation可以定位原文第8段段尾，根據(jù)正向的邏輯關(guān)系，需要繼續(xù)讀第9段，確定答案選C
50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A. Determine what is moral and ethical
B. Design some large-scale experiment
C. Set rules for man-machine interaction
D. Develop a more sophisticated program
答案：A
解析：題干問當(dāng)我們將人類價(jià)值轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌绦虼a時(shí)面臨的大困難是什么？這是后一題，對(duì)應(yīng)原文后一段，根據(jù)The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules.可以確定答案選A。
第三套
Passage 2 性格與壽命
南京新東方卜銀
南京新東方艾偉
南京新東方袁靜
51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ______
A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
51. A 主旨題。由專有名詞 定位至第一段末句，題目問的是研究目的是什么，去前一句找答案，問句中提到personality與longevity的關(guān)系，這個(gè)研究就是圍繞二者關(guān)系展開的，縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)提到personality 和life span，故答案為A.
B項(xiàng)lifestyle，C項(xiàng)the role of exercise 文中均沒有提到，屬于無(wú)關(guān)信息，D項(xiàng)all the factors （所有因素），而文中只提到了性格與壽命的關(guān)系，故排除。在此提醒各位考生，對(duì)于過(guò)于絕對(duì)化的選項(xiàng)，選擇的時(shí)候一定要慎重，多為干擾選項(xiàng)。
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A. They have a good understanding of evolution
B. They are better at negotiating an agreement
C. They generally appear more resourceful
D. They are more likely to get over hardship
52.D 根據(jù)順序定位原則和題干關(guān)鍵詞outgoing and sympathetic people定位到第二段末句，those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. 縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)get over hardship 是對(duì)make it through tough times 的同義替換，故為答案。
A項(xiàng) evolution B項(xiàng)agreement均為非定位區(qū)間的干擾信息，C項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，并不是appear resourceful, 而是擁有資源以使他們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，語(yǔ)意的重點(diǎn)在to do后面。
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life
B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times
C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity
D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity
53.C題干問這項(xiàng)研究成果能或多或少證實(shí)我們的哪些期望？題對(duì)段的順序原則可以定位到原文第三段，根據(jù)原文的Increasingly, however, other characteristic that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.判定選C。
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers
B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner
C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’
D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.
54.D題干問關(guān)于挪威媽媽們的研究顯示了啥？根據(jù)題干中的挪威媽媽，很快可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)原文That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that, 這里的found that是關(guān)鍵詞，上過(guò)我課同學(xué)都應(yīng)該知道的，它后面就是答案。所以這一題選D。
55. What can we learn from the findings of the two studies?
A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span
B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health
C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle
55.B原文：Personality isn’t destiny (命運(yùn)), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
題干問從這兩項(xiàng)新的研究成果可以得出什么？這是后一題，根據(jù)題對(duì)段的順序原則，應(yīng)該從原文后一段找答案，根據(jù)But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.確定答案選B。
根據(jù)以上解析，我們清楚的看到，大部分的仔細(xì)閱讀題，主要還是靠定位，此處附上定位的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)步驟以及仔細(xì)閱讀的做法：
定位方法
讀題干，劃出定位詞(名詞(專名)/人名/引言/關(guān)鍵性動(dòng)詞/原因/三個(gè)為佳)，然后按照順序原則(即第一題對(duì)應(yīng)第一段，以此類推)定位到原文的相應(yīng)段落，然后精讀/分析，后答題。
仔細(xì)閱讀做法
①先讀題，了解題干信息→②劃定位詞（大寫/人名/關(guān)鍵性動(dòng)詞/名詞）→③按順序原則回原文定位，找到區(qū)間，答案不跨段，一定在定位區(qū)間附近，所以上讀讀，下讀讀→④根據(jù)區(qū)間分析選項(xiàng)→⑤綜合運(yùn)用閱讀文章的技巧和排除法
記憶重要的特征詞
表遞進(jìn)Also/ still/ besides/ except/ in addition/ additionally/ what’s more/ moreover/ furthermore/ in particular/ particularly/ especially/ specially;
表因果because/since/reason/factor/given to/ due to/owing to thanks to/ So/therefore/thereby/hence/thus/as a result/ in a word/ finally/ consequently/
表解釋that is/that is to say/that means/I mean/in other words
專家Experts/Professor/Researcher/Scientist/artist/psychologist
表轉(zhuǎn)折but / however / yet / nevertheless / on the contrary / whereas
表讓步although / though / even if / even though / despite / in spite of
其他特征詞Recently/today/be called as/be known as/define/stress/focus/research indicates/study suggests/found that
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