If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the
expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could
be used for developing the country, And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in
a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are
correspondingly low.
This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private Business
enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in Business. For our
purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the
business. Such administrative overhead in a Business is analogous to the cost of government in a
nation. The administrative overhead of a Business is low to the extent that everyone working in the
Business can, be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can
each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their
sphere, then administrative overhead will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have

only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing,
keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and

responsible manner towards his job, then the Business will require armies of administrators,
checkers, and foremen, and administrative overhead will rise correspondingly. As administrative
overhead rises, so the earnings of the Business, after meeting the expense of administration, will fall;

and the Business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future
progress and development.

It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a

loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to

keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the

people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people

accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

New words and expressions 生詞短語(yǔ)

Disunited

Incur

Administrative

Analogous

Sphere

Checker

Dividend

a.分裂的

vt.承擔(dān)

a.行政管理的

a.類(lèi)似的

n.范圍

n.檢查人員

n.紅利

Economic resource

Backward

Overhead

Behave

Keep sb. in line

Foreman

Civil servant

經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力

a.落后的

a.一般費(fèi)用

vi.行動(dòng)

使某人協(xié)調(diào)

n.監(jiān)工

文職人員

Notes on the text 課文注釋

Unite ~all the people 團(tuán)結(jié)所有的人民

Unify （思想）統(tǒng)一 Union Unification Reunion 團(tuán)聚

In China, spring festival/mid autumn day is a good time for reunion.

在中國(guó)，中秋節(jié)/春節(jié)是團(tuán)聚的好時(shí)間

Chinese people are hoping/expecting the reunion between the mainland and Taiwan Island.

中國(guó)人希望大陸兩岸統(tǒng)一。

In 199x, the two Germanies reunifaction. 在 199X 年?yáng)|西德統(tǒng)一

Incur

承擔(dān) 后面跟抽象名詞 （費(fèi)用，成本） I have a family to support/feed.

招致，導(dǎo)致 （不好的惡果） Pride incur failure.

BackwardForward 先進(jìn)的 Backward nation Forward country

Under developed 欠發(fā)達(dá)Developing 發(fā)展中

Organ 機(jī)構(gòu) Administrator 管理者Administration

Bush administrationbush *（西方用人名，中國(guó)用地名）

Beijing administration MBA master of Business and administration

Sphere Hemisphere 半球Eastern hemisphere 西半球

Western hemisphere 東半球Semi-colony半殖民 Feudal society 封建社會(huì)

Semi-feudal半封建Semifinal 半決賽

Domain 域 Fieldscope 眼界

provinceHe is very provincial 他沒(méi)有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)

Dividend（入股的）紅利 Allowance津貼Bonus獎(jiǎng)金

Civil marriage 不在教堂舉行的婚禮

She keeps the family in line. 她把家打理得井井有條。

State 有政治概念State lawState visit 政事訪問(wèn)

Correspondingly; therefore so

He wrote me 5 letters, correspondingly I answered 5.

Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly now.

Where 可當(dāng)作 if 翻譯 Where there is life, there is hope

Compare with 與….. 比較

Contrast 比較，側(cè)重異 compare 側(cè)重 相同 Compare to 比作

Private (Business) enterprise /individual enterprise /one man enterprise 私企

Out of Business 破產(chǎn)Concern with :talk about

Concern for/about 關(guān)心I concern for your health.

Is low to the extent/degree that ……..= is so low that

Exercise initiative 發(fā)揮能動(dòng)性 Initiative stage 初級(jí)階段

Within their sphere/ to their utmost 盡其大力量

Report sth 報(bào)道 Report on 匯報(bào)

I’m reading carefully. I’m reading with care. I’m reading in a careful manner.

An army (group) of

Meet expense 收支相抵

On one’s behalf For one’s benefit 代表某人的利益It’s in your interest to tell truth (be honest).