国产18禁黄网站免费观看,99爱在线精品免费观看,粉嫩metart人体欣赏,99久久99精品久久久久久,6080亚洲人久久精品

2016年ACCA考試F1管理學(xué)術(shù)語英漢對照解釋(3)

時間:2016-02-24 10:15:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
Organizational Culture and Environment:The Constraints

  1、Omnipotent view of management:管理萬能論:

  The view that managers are directly responsible for an organization‘s success or failure.

  管理者對組織的成敗負(fù)有直接責(zé)任。

  2、Symbolic view of management :管理象征論:

  The view that managers have only a limited effect on substantive organizational outcomes because of the large number of factors outside their control.

  管理者影響結(jié)果的能力受外部因素的制約和約束。

  3、Organizational culture:組織文化

  A system of shared meaning within an organization that determines in large degree how employees act.

  組織成員共有的價值和體系。這一體系在很大程度上決定了組織成員的行為方式。

  4、Strong culture :強文化

  Organizations in which the key values are intensely held and widely shared.

  強烈擁有并廣泛共享基本價值觀的文化。

  5、Socialization: 社會化

  The process that adapts employees to the organization‘s Culture

  是指雇員適應(yīng)組織文化所經(jīng)歷的過程。

  6、External environment :外部環(huán)境

  Outside institutions or forces that potentially affect an organization‘s performance.

  指能夠?qū)M織績效造成潛在影響的外部力量和機構(gòu)。

  7、Specific environment :具體環(huán)境

  The part of the environment that is directly relevant to the achievement of an organization‘s goals.

  包括那些對管理者的決策和行動產(chǎn)生直接的影響并與實現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)直接相關(guān)的要素。

  8、General environment :一般環(huán)境

  Broad external conditions that may affect the organization.

  包括可能影響組織的廣泛的經(jīng)濟條件;政治/法律條件;社會文化條件;技術(shù)條件和全球條件。

  9、Environmental uncertainty:環(huán)境的不確定性

  The degree of change and complexity in an organization‘s environment.

  組織環(huán)境的變化程度和復(fù)雜程度。

  10、Environmental complexity:環(huán)境復(fù)雜性

  The number of components in an organization‘s environment and the extent of an organization’s knowledge about its environmental components.

  組織環(huán)境中的要素數(shù)量以及組織所擁有的與這些要素相關(guān)的知識廣度。

  11、Stakeholders:利益相關(guān)者

  Any constituencies in the organization‘s external environment that are affected by an organization’s decisions and actions (and that can influence the organization.)

  組織外部環(huán)境中受組織決策和行動影響的任何相關(guān)者。

  12、Boundary spanning:跨域管理

  Interacting in specific ways with various external stakeholders to gather and disseminate important information.

  采用更具體的方式與各種外部利益相關(guān)者開展互動合作,以收集和傳播重要的信息。

  13、Stakeholder partnerships:利益相關(guān)者伙伴關(guān)系

  Proactive arrangements between an organization and a stakeholder to pursue common goals

  為追求共同目標(biāo)而在組織和利益相關(guān)者之間達(dá)成的非正式協(xié)議。

  14、Workplace spirituality: 工作場所的精神境界

  A recognition of an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community

  一種對生命內(nèi)在意義的認(rèn)識,這種認(rèn)識培育了團體環(huán)境下工作的意義,同時也受到后者的滋養(yǎng)