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雅思寫(xiě)作技巧:雅思大作文環(huán)境類(lèi)話題

時(shí)間:2016-01-22 15:10:00   來(lái)源:無(wú)憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
2015.09.26
  Inmany countries, there is no enough recycling of waste materials (e.g. paper,glass, cans). What are the reasons and solutions?
  2015.10.10
  Somepeople think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution andhousing problems to help prevent illness and disease. To what extent do youagree or disagree?
  讀完這兩道題目,可能很多考生還是無(wú)法理解這2道題目的共同點(diǎn)在哪里。事實(shí)上,2015.09.26考察的是環(huán)保方式(關(guān)于回收),而2015.10.10考察的是環(huán)境類(lèi)中的環(huán)境問(wèn)題與疾病間的關(guān)系。所以從宏觀上來(lái)講,都是環(huán)保類(lèi)的相關(guān)題目,只是前者關(guān)于環(huán)?嫉蒙晕⑸倭艘恍赡軟](méi)有引起大家的注意。小編認(rèn)為,既然2場(chǎng)如此近的考試都有涉及到環(huán)境類(lèi)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,足以證明這個(gè)話題已經(jīng)引起了考官的絕對(duì)重視。后期各位考生在備考期間,環(huán)保類(lèi)話題可以作為一個(gè)重點(diǎn)去好好準(zhǔn)備。
  如何能在考場(chǎng)上十分順暢地完成一篇環(huán)境類(lèi)話題的作文這也許是目前絕大多數(shù)考生碰到的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本文中小編將從?碱}目和備考要點(diǎn)這兩個(gè)方面給大家全面展示環(huán)境類(lèi)話題的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。
  一、?荚掝}
  一般來(lái)講,環(huán)保類(lèi)話題分為三種類(lèi)型,分別為環(huán)境類(lèi),動(dòng)物類(lèi)及資源類(lèi)。而這三種類(lèi)型的題目都有一些母題?忌跍(zhǔn)備期間就可以按照這些母題來(lái)準(zhǔn)備,后面任何題目?jī)?nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)變都是萬(wàn)變不離其宗的。
  1. 環(huán)境類(lèi)
  (1) Some peoplethink that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Onlygovernments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do youagree or disagree?(關(guān)于誰(shuí)為環(huán)境保護(hù)負(fù)責(zé))
  (2) Some peoplebelieve that air travel should be restricted because it causes seriouspollution and will use up the world’s resources. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?(交通工具的利弊比較)
  2. 動(dòng)物類(lèi)
  (1) Some peoplethink it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for humanuse. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and giveyour own opinion.(關(guān)于是否要用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的討論)
  (2) Many animalspecies in the world is becoming extinct. Some people say countries and other individualsshould protect these animals from dying out, while others say we shouldconcentrate more on problems of human beings. Discuss both views and give yourown opinion.(關(guān)于是否要保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的討論)
  3. 資源類(lèi)
  (1) Many countriesuse fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) as the main source of energy.However, in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy such aswind energy and solar energy are encouraged. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?(關(guān)于化石燃料和新能源的對(duì)比)
  二、備考建議
  小編認(rèn)為,在明確了上述常出考題的情況下,就要著手開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備了。一般情況,我們建議按照詞匯,背景知識(shí)和段落書(shū)寫(xiě)這三個(gè)方面去準(zhǔn)備。而其中,詞匯和背景知識(shí)是可以合在一起準(zhǔn)備的,多讀國(guó)外的一些報(bào)刊,雜志或新聞都不乏是一種比較有效的積累知識(shí)的方式。下面給大家提供到的一些段落就來(lái)自于學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)站,其中與環(huán)境相關(guān)的一些詞匯已經(jīng)有重點(diǎn)地為大家標(biāo)出,考生可以重點(diǎn)記憶。
  1. 背景知識(shí)的拓展
  (1) 國(guó)際問(wèn)題
  一些自然因素(naturalfact)例如海洋和風(fēng)并不會(huì)限制在(beconfined to)特定的國(guó)境中(nationalboundaries),因此一個(gè)國(guó)家的污染往往會(huì)對(duì)其他國(guó)家的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響(have serious environmental consequences)。這些問(wèn)題包括石油泄漏(oil spills)和沙塵暴(dust storms)等等。
  例如2005年,中國(guó)東北地區(qū)(northeastern China)的一個(gè)化工廠(chemical plant)爆炸(explode),使得大量有毒物質(zhì)泄漏并進(jìn)入松花江(spill toxins into the SonghuaRiver),進(jìn)而污染了處于松花江下游地區(qū)(downstreamfrom the spill)一些俄羅斯城市的飲用水(drinkingwater)。
  (2) 國(guó)際所做的一些事情來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境
  為應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖(globalwarming),不少?lài)?guó)家要求對(duì)發(fā)電廠(powerplants)的碳污染水平(carbonpollution levels)加以限制,因?yàn)榘l(fā)電廠排放的溫室氣體(greenhouse gas emissions)就能占總排放量的三分之一。為了降低碳污染的水平,除了要提高以燒煤發(fā)電的工廠(coal-fired power plants)的效率外(more efficient),還可以鼓勵(lì)多使用例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能(wind and solar power)等可再生能源(renewable sources of energy),并建造核能發(fā)電廠(nuclear power plants)來(lái)降低對(duì)化石燃料(fossil fuels)的依賴(lài)。
  另外,各國(guó)政府還鼓勵(lì)群眾選擇環(huán)境友好的生活方式(makeeco-friendly lifestyle choices),減少、再使用和循環(huán)利用廢料(reduce, reuse and recycle waste),培養(yǎng)(cultivate)人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。
  (3) 如何保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物
  林業(yè)和棲息地的保護(hù)(Forestryand habitat protection),人工繁殖(captive breeding),建立(setting up)更多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)(nature reserves)和公園,拒絕使用瀕危動(dòng)物或稀有動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(products)(皮,鱷魚(yú)皮,象牙,等等)(Fur,Crocodile skin, Ivory, etc.)。政府可以為國(guó)際貿(mào)易(international trade)制定動(dòng)物保護(hù)的法律法規(guī)(make animal protection laws and regulations)?茖W(xué)家們正建立可以保存(preserve)動(dòng)物遺傳物質(zhì)(genetic material)的基因庫(kù)(gene banks)。
  (4) 新能源的使用情況
  ? 水力發(fā)電
  (Hydroelectric power
  )是美國(guó)目前的可再生能源(producer of renewable power)。2010年,水力發(fā)電占美國(guó)全國(guó)用電總量(nation's total electricity)的6.2%,美國(guó)可再生能源總量(total renewable power)的60.2%。繼中國(guó),加拿大,巴西后,美國(guó)是世界第四大水力發(fā)電生產(chǎn)國(guó)(fourth largestproducer
  of hydroelectricity)。
  ? 中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是世界上的太陽(yáng)能熱水器市場(chǎng)(market for solar hot water),占全球三分之二的比例(two-thirds of global capacity)。超過(guò)10%的中國(guó)家庭(Chinese households)依靠1.6億多平方米的集熱總面積(as total collector area)的太陽(yáng)能加熱水(heat their water)。
  2. 段落書(shū)寫(xiě)
  小編認(rèn)為,在有了一定的素材積累下,考生可以根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞或一些觀點(diǎn)嘗試段落的書(shū)寫(xiě),一方面是讓自己能把詞匯和觀點(diǎn)更好地記憶住,另外也可以加強(qiáng)自己的寫(xiě)作速度。下面的幾個(gè)段落是呈現(xiàn)給考生的關(guān)于環(huán)保
  類(lèi)常考的6
  道題的一些段落展示。
  (1) 關(guān)于誰(shuí)為環(huán)境保護(hù)負(fù)責(zé)
  參考段落展示:(摘自與Cambridge 8考官范文)
  ? I thinkto tackle(解決) theproblem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology isalready available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter andcleaner to use. Persuading(勸說(shuō))manufacturers(制造商)and travelers to adopt this new technologywould be a more effective strategy for improving air quality.
  段落大意:為了有效地解決污染問(wèn)題,清潔能源應(yīng)該被研發(fā)。電瓶車(chē)就安靜又清潔。勸說(shuō)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)商和游客使用這種新的科技將是一個(gè)非常有效的方式來(lái)改善大氣質(zhì)量。
  ? Thegovernment needs to improve the choice of public transport services availableto travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground trainsystems were built and effectively maintained(維護(hù)) in our major cities, then traffic on theroads would be made dramatically(急劇地) reduced. Long-distance train and coachservices should be made attractive and affordable(可承擔(dān)的) alternatives to driving your own car forlong journeys.
  段落大意:政府應(yīng)該要增加游客對(duì)于公共交通的選擇性。比如,輕軌和地鐵在大城市應(yīng)該被建立和維護(hù),這樣可以急劇減輕路面交通的壓力。另外長(zhǎng)途大巴服務(wù)也應(yīng)該更加吸引人,價(jià)格更加可承受,這樣人們就會(huì)減少開(kāi)私家車(chē)。
  (2) 交通工具的利弊比較
  ? Aircraftshave a higher capacity/volume(容量),allowing greater numbers of passengers each flight and thereby giving the bestpossible values to the fuel used.
  段落大意:飛機(jī)的容量比較大,每一次飛行可以承載大量的乘客,因此能源利用率會(huì)比較高。
  ? Althoughit is difficult to measure the actual impact of the noise on the people’s dailylives, its ability to increase the anxiety(焦慮)and levels of annoyance(惱人)has been confirmed
  段落大意:盡管很難測(cè)量噪音對(duì)人們?nèi)粘I畹挠绊懀墙?jīng)研究證明,飛機(jī)的噪音的確會(huì)增加人們的焦慮和惱人的程度。
  ? Byreplacing the old engines with fuel-efficient ones, people canmitigate(減輕) the environmental impact caused by flying.
  段落大意:通過(guò)用節(jié)能引擎來(lái)代替舊的,人們可以減輕由飛行所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
  (3) 關(guān)于是否要用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的討論
  Using animals formedicine tests will largely guarantee(確保) human being’s safety and will save a greaternumber of people’s lives who may contract(感染)some illness. In other words, if there were no animal-tested medicines, manypeople would die of disease.
  段落大意:用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)在很大程度上會(huì)確保人們的安全,并且會(huì)拯救很多感染疾病的人的生命。換句話說(shuō),如果沒(méi)有這些動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)的藥品,很多人就會(huì)因?yàn)榧膊《劳觥?br>  (4) 關(guān)于是否要保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的討論
  The importance ofprotecting the extinct animals cannot be ignored.(忽視)Therefore, it is high time that governmentshould shoulder(肩負(fù)) the responsibilityto protect the animals from dying out. For example, more nature reserves shouldbe set up to provide animals with habitat protection. In addition, scientistsare encouraged to establish gene banks(基因庫(kù))in which genetic material can be wellpreserved.
  段落大意:保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的重要性是不能被忽視的,因此政府需要承擔(dān)起這個(gè)責(zé)任。比如,可以建立更多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)來(lái)給動(dòng)物提供安全的棲息地。另外,政府也可以花錢(qián)建立基因庫(kù)來(lái)儲(chǔ)存動(dòng)物的基因。
  (5) 關(guān)于化石燃料和新能源的對(duì)比
  Replacingfossil fuels with alternative ones has profound(深遠(yuǎn))的 meanings. On top of the list(首先), this can significantly reduce thepollution. Since fossil fuels are the major sources of carbon dioxide,replacing them could greatly control theemission(排放) of greenhouse gases. One good example can beseen in America, which tripled(三倍)theirenergy production from hydroelectricity power and pollution from electricsystem dropped by 80% to 90%.
  段落大意:用可替代能源來(lái)代替化石燃料有很多深遠(yuǎn)的影響。首先,這樣可以減少污染,因?yàn)榛剂鲜嵌趸嫉闹饕獊?lái)源,而使用可替代能源可以減少溫室氣體的排放。美國(guó)就是一個(gè)典型的例子,水力發(fā)電使得污染減少了80%到90%。