1.審題草率,偏離主題,缺漏要點(diǎn)或無限發(fā)揮。
對(duì)策:制定合理的答題方案,完成書表要安排足夠的時(shí)間,一般 20-25 分鐘。下筆前,認(rèn)真審題,弄清文章的主題、體裁、時(shí)態(tài)等,歸納出內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),列出提綱,打草稿,用 8-10 句英語句子表達(dá)出來,切勿匆匆下筆。另外,注意根據(jù)需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,一般一至兩句,不可無限發(fā)揮而影響了重要內(nèi)容的表達(dá)。
2.思路混亂,從頭至尾只有一段,或隨意、過多地分段,發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)類的作文中常犯自相矛盾的錯(cuò)誤。
如"以高中生對(duì)文、理科的選擇為話題,用英語介紹一下你所做的選擇,并說明理由",有的考生第一段就亮明了觀點(diǎn)"選擇理科"--"I decided to choose science as my m ain subject. The reasons are as follows."接下來,便說明了選理科的理由,但在文章快要結(jié)束時(shí)卻寫道"But my physics is weak. What's more, I like history very much, so I decided on arts as m y main subject of study."這樣前后自相矛盾,不知道考生的選擇到底是什么。
對(duì)策:考生可根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序以及事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,進(jìn)行合理排序、分段。首段要點(diǎn)明主題,亮明觀點(diǎn),中間段圍繞主題展開描述,根據(jù)需要可用一至兩段,結(jié)尾段一定要呼應(yīng)首段,將主題升華(首尾呼應(yīng),結(jié)尾升華),不要出現(xiàn)自相矛盾的情況。
【詞法上的錯(cuò)誤】
1.詞匯搭配不當(dāng),如:
問題句:I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.
修改句:I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.
對(duì)策:平時(shí)熟記高頻單詞、固定搭配,考試時(shí),在運(yùn)用某個(gè)單詞或者短語時(shí),慎重考慮這個(gè)
單詞或短語與其它內(nèi)容是否搭配。
2.詞性中的張冠李戴
× My English is very well.
√ My English is very good.
× I want to make friends with students from others country.
√ I want to make friends with students from other countries.
對(duì)策:平時(shí)記單詞時(shí)除了詞義,還要識(shí)記其詞性、名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性、動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性、及物與不及物等。寫作時(shí),如果對(duì)所寫單詞的詞性沒有把握,可換用其它單詞。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
大部分考生段首句子的時(shí)態(tài)還正確,但段中就開始出錯(cuò),或者前半句時(shí)態(tài)還正確,后半句就錯(cuò)了。因?yàn)檫@部分考生對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法以及什么樣的文體該用什么時(shí)態(tài)還弄不清。如:
× I'd be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.
√ I'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.
× I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.
√ I was told that he had been looking for a new job all through the summer.
對(duì)策:弄清各種文體對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài),如日記應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)態(tài),通知用將來時(shí)態(tài),發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)類的文章及圖表作文用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),書信根據(jù)需要可以交叉使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、將來時(shí)態(tài)和過去時(shí)態(tài)。寫完后還要認(rèn)真檢查,看一下時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)一致方面是否出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤。
【語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤】
形式多為:不及物動(dòng)詞誤用被動(dòng)形式,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化拼寫錯(cuò)誤,該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的地方?jīng)]有用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
× I got a message that a summer camp will be hold in Singapore.
√ I got a message that a summer camp will be held in Singapore.
× I hope I will accept as a member of your summer cam p.
√ I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
對(duì)策:平時(shí)有意識(shí)地進(jìn)行主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)方面的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí),熟記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化形式。寫作時(shí),要確保運(yùn)用被動(dòng)形式的是及物動(dòng)詞,檢查動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式是否寫錯(cuò),并思考一下此處語態(tài)應(yīng)用是否合適。