一、端午節(jié)介紹
I. Introduction to the Dragon Boat Festival
中文名： 端午節(jié)
The Dragon Boat Festival
外文名： Dragon Boat Festival或Double Fifth Festival
Foreign name: Boat Festival Double or Fifth Festival Dragon
又稱： 端陽節(jié)、午日節(jié)、五月節(jié)等
Also known as: duanyangjie, afternoon day festival, May festival etc.
時間： 農(nóng)歷五月初五日
Time: May in Chinese lunar calendar day
端午節(jié)為每年農(nóng)歷五月初五，又稱端陽節(jié)、午日節(jié)、五月節(jié)等。端午節(jié)是中國漢族人民紀念屈原的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，以圍繞才華橫溢、遺世獨立的楚國大夫屈原而展開，傳播至華夏各地，民俗文化共享，屈原之名人盡皆知，追懷華夏民族的高潔情懷。但有例外，東吳一帶的端午節(jié)歷來不紀念屈原，而是紀念五月五日被投入大江的伍子胥，且吳越地區(qū)以龍舟競渡在此日舉行部落圖騰祭祀的習俗更是早于春秋很久。端午節(jié)有吃粽子，賽龍舟，掛菖蒲、蒿草、艾葉，薰蒼術(shù)、白芷，喝雄黃酒的習俗�！岸宋绻�(jié)”為國家法定節(jié)假日之一，并被列入世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。
The Dragon Boat Festival every May in Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Dragon Boat Festival, festival, festival May afternoon. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of the Chinese people to commemorate Qu Yuan, to surround the talented, aloof from the world of Qu yuali and expand and spread to all over China, folk culture sharing, Qu Yuan celebrity is known as, remember the Chinese noble feelings. But there are exceptions, Soochow in the vicinity of the Dragon Boat Festival never is in memory of Qu Yuan, but a memorial on the fifth of may be into the river of Wu and Wu Yue area to the dragon boat races in today held tribal totem worship custom is as early as in the spring and Autumn period for a long time. The Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, dragon boat race, hanging calamus, wormwood, Artemisia argyi, smoked herb, angelica, drink realgar Yellow Wine customs. The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the national holidays and is included in the world intangible cultural heritage..
二、端午節(jié)起源傳說：紀念屈原
Two, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival legend: commemorate Qu Yuan
傳說端午節(jié)是為了紀念戰(zhàn)國時代楚國詩人屈原，他在五月初五這天投汨羅江自盡殉國。屈平，字原，通常稱為屈原，又自云名正則，號靈均，漢族，戰(zhàn)國末期楚國丹陽(今湖北秭歸)人，楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代。屈原雖忠事楚懷王，卻屢遭排擠，懷王死后又因頃襄王聽信讒言而被流放，最終投汨羅江而死。
Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate the Warring States Chu poet Qu Yuan, in the fifth day of May he threw himself into the Miluo River. Peng Cheah, the word, often referred to as Qu Yuan and since the cloud a regular, on the Lingjun, Han nationality, at the end of the Warring States Chu Danyang (now Hubei Zigui), the king of Chu Xiong Tongzhi sub flexor blemish offspring. Although Qu Yuan Zhong things chuhuai Wang, but was excluded. Huai Wang died and because the king Qingxiang to listen to calumny and exiled, and ultimately voted Miluo River to die.
此說最早出自南朝梁代吳均《續(xù)齊諧記》和南朝宗懔《荊楚歲時記》。據(jù)說，屈原投汨羅江后，當?shù)匕傩章動嶑R上劃船撈救，一直行至洞庭湖，始終不見屈原的尸體。那時，恰逢雨天，湖面上的小舟一起匯集在岸邊的亭子旁。當人們得知是為了打撈賢臣屈大夫時，再次冒雨出動，爭相劃進茫茫的洞庭湖。為了寄托哀思，人們蕩舟江河之上，此后才逐漸發(fā)展成為龍舟競賽。百姓們又怕江河里的魚吃掉他的身體，就紛紛回家拿來米團投入江中，以免魚蝦糟蹋屈原的尸體，后來就成了吃粽子的習俗�？磥�，端午節(jié)吃粽子、賽龍舟與紀念屈原相關(guān)，有唐代文秀《端午》詩為證：“節(jié)分端午自誰言，萬古傳聞為屈原�？靶Τ彰烀�，不能洗得直臣冤�！�
That is the first from southern Liang Wu Jun "and the" Xu Qi Xie Ji Zong austere "age Jingchu". It is said that Qu Yuan Miluo River, local people fishing boat rescued immediately after hearing the news, has been to the Dongting Lake, still do not see Qu Yuan's body. At that time, coincides with the rainy days, the boat on the lake together in the pavilion near the shore. When people learned to salvage bowed doctor, out in the rain again, vast Dongting Lake. In their grief, people boating on the river, then gradually developed into the Dragon Boat race. People are afraid of the fish in the river to eat his body, to their home in ancient group into the river, lest fish waste of Qu Yuan's body, and later became the custom of eating zongzi. It seems that the Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, associated dragon boat race with the commemoration of Qu Yuan, Tang Wenxiu "Dragon Boat Festival" poem as evidence: "Dragon Boat Festival is from the who said, vancomycin rumors for Qu Yuan. Laughing Chujiang empty at all, can not be washed naoomi injustice."
三、端午節(jié)的食俗習慣
Three, the Dragon Boat Festival food habits
1.吃粽子
1 eat the rice dumplings
“粽子香，香廚房。艾葉香，香滿堂。桃枝插在大門上，出門一望麥兒黃。這兒端陽，那兒端陽，處處都端陽�！边@是舊時流行甚廣的一首描寫過端午節(jié)的民謠�？傮w上說，各地人民過端午節(jié)的習俗大同小異，而端午節(jié)吃粽子，古往今來，中國各地都一樣。
"The rice dumplings, incense kitchen. Ai Yexiang, full of incense. Peach sticks inserted in the door, go out a look at wheat son yellow. Dragon Boat Festival here, where the Dragon Boat Festival, Dragon Boat Festival everywhere." This is the old popular song about the Dragon Boat Festival folk. On the whole, the local peoples of the Dragon Boat Festival customs are similar, and the Dragon Boat Festival, eating dumplings, through the ages, all over China are the same.
如今的粽子更是多種多樣，璀璨紛呈�，F(xiàn)今各地的粽子，一般都用箬殼包糯米，但內(nèi)含的花色則根據(jù)各地特產(chǎn)和風俗而定，的有桂圓粽、肉粽、水晶粽、蓮蓉粽、蜜餞粽、板栗粽、辣粽、酸菜粽、火腿粽、咸蛋粽等等。
Today's rice dumplings are a variety of bright and colorful. Today around the dumplings, Indocalamus crust package of glutinous rice, but contains patterns is based around the specialty and custom and and famous have longan dumplings, dumplings, crystal dumplings, lotus paste dumplings, candied rice dumplings, chestnut dumplings, hot dumplings and pickled cabbage dumplings, ham dumplings, salted egg dumplings and so.
2.飲雄黃酒
2 drinking male yellow wine
端午飲雄黃酒的習俗，從前在長江流域地區(qū)極為盛行。古語曾說 “飲了雄黃酒，病魔都遠走”。雄黃是一種礦物質(zhì)，俗稱“雞冠石”，其主要成分是硫化砷，并含有汞，有毒。一般飲用的雄黃酒，只是在白酒或自釀的黃酒里加入微量雄黃而成，無純飲的。雄黃酒有殺菌驅(qū)蟲解五毒的功效，中醫(yī)還用來治皮膚病。在沒有碘酒之類消毒劑的古代，用雄黃泡酒，可以祛毒解癢。未到喝酒年齡的小孩子，大人則給他們的額頭、耳鼻、手足心等處涂抹上雄黃酒，意在消毒防病，蟲豸不叮。
The custom of the Dragon Boat drinks the male yellow wine, formerly in the Yangtze River Basin area extremely popular. The old saying said "drink Yellow Wine male disease, have to flee". Realgar is a mineral, commonly known as "JIGUANSHI", its main ingredient is arsenic sulfide, and contain mercury, toxic. The general consumption of male Yellow Wine, only trace realgar added in liquor or brewed in a Yellow Wine, no pure drink. Male Yellow Wine bactericidal efficacy of Wudu insecticide solution, Chinese medicine is used to cure skin diseases. In the absence of such as iodine disinfectant with realgar wine, ancient times, can Qudu itching. Not to the drinking age children, adults to their forehead, ear, nose, hand foot heart apply realgar wine, intended to disease prevention and disinfection, insects do not bite.
3.吃五黃
3 eat five yellow
江浙一帶有端午節(jié)吃“五黃”的習俗。五黃指黃瓜、黃鱔、黃魚、咸鴨蛋黃、雄黃酒。此外浙北端午節(jié)還吃豆腐。
Jiangsu and Zhejiang with a Dragon Boat Festival to eat "five yellow" custom. A cucumber, eel, yellow croaker yellow, yellow Xian Yadan, male Yellow Wine. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival also eat tofu.
