關(guān)于端午節(jié)的來歷，歸納起來，大致有以下幾種說法：紀(jì)念屈原，此說最早出自南朝梁代吳均《續(xù)齊諧記》和北周宗懔《荊楚歲時記》的記載。據(jù)說，屈原于五月初五自投汨羅江，死后為蛟龍所困，世人哀之，每于此日投五色絲粽子于水中，以驅(qū)蛟龍。又傳，屈原投汨羅江后，當(dāng)?shù)匕傩章動嶑R上劃船撈救，船只行至洞庭湖，終不見屈原的尸體。那時，恰逢雨天，湖面上的小舟一起匯集在岸邊的亭子旁。當(dāng)人們得知是打撈賢臣屈大夫時，再次冒雨出動，爭相劃進(jìn)茫茫的洞庭湖。為了寄托哀思，人們蕩舟江河之上，此后才逐漸發(fā)展成為龍舟競賽。看來，端午節(jié)吃粽子、賽龍舟與紀(jì)念屈原相關(guān)，有唐代文秀《端午》詩為證：“節(jié)分端午自誰言，萬古傳聞為屈原�？靶Τ彰烀�，不能洗得直臣冤�！�
About the Dragon Boat Festival origin, summed up, generally have the following statement: to commemorate Qu Yuan, which is the first from southern Liang Wu, "Xu Qi Xie Ji" and the Northern Zhou Zonglin "Jingchu age mind" records. Reportedly, Qu Yuan on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month since the Miluo River, after the death of trapped by the dragon, the world of sorrow, each today investment colored silk rice dumplings in the water, in order to drive the dragon. And, after Qu Yuan Miluo River, local people fishing boat rescued immediately after hearing the news, the vessel to the Dongting Lake, but not the end of Qu Yuan's bodies. At that time, coincides with the rainy days, the boat on the lake together in the pavilion near the shore. When people learned that salvage bowed doctor, out in the rain again, vast Dongting Lake. In their grief, people boating on the river, then gradually developed into the Dragon Boat race. It seems that the Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, associated dragon boat race with the commemoration of Qu Yuan, Tang Wenxiu "Dragon Boat Festival" poem as evidence: "Dragon Boat Festival is from the who said, vancomycin rumors for Qu Yuan. Laughing Chujiang empty at all, can not be washed naoomi injustice."
迎濤神，此說出自東漢《曹娥碑》。曹娥是東漢上虞人，父親溺于江中，數(shù)日不見尸體，當(dāng)時孝女曹娥年僅十四歲，晝夜沿江號哭。過了十七天，在五月五日也投江，五日后抱出父尸。春秋時吳國忠臣伍子胥含冤而死之后，化為濤神，世人哀而祭之，故有端午節(jié)。
Ying Tao said the God, "from the Eastern Han Cao'e monument". Caoe Han Yu and his father drowned in the river, a few days not see the bodies, at that time in the militia Caoe only 14 years old, day and night along the wail. After seventeen days, in May 5th also cast Jiang, five days after holding the parent body. The spring and Autumn period, Wu die Hanyuan Wu Zixu accordance, as Tao God, the world is mourning and sacrifice, the Dragon Boat festival.
龍的節(jié)日，這種說法來自聞一多的《端午考》和《端午的歷史教育》。他認(rèn)為，五月初五是古代吳越地區(qū)“龍”的部落舉行圖騰祭祀的日子。其主要理由是：(一)端午節(jié)兩個最主要的活動吃粽子和競渡，都與龍相關(guān)。粽子投入水里常被蚊龍所竊，而競渡則用的是龍舟。(二)競渡與古代吳越地方的關(guān)系尤深，況且吳越百姓還有斷發(fā)紋身“以像龍子”的習(xí)俗。(三)古代五月初五日有用“五彩絲系臂”的民間風(fēng)俗，這應(yīng)當(dāng)是“像龍子”的紋身習(xí)俗的遺跡。
Dragon's festival, this statement from Wen Yiduo's "Dragon Boat test" and "the Dragon Boat Festival History Education". He thinks, fifth day of May is the ancient Wu Yue area "dragon" tribes totem worship days. The main reason is: (a) two major Dragon Boat Festival activities to eat dumplings and races, is related with the dragon. Zongzi into water is often the Dragon stolen, and the race is used is the Dragon boat. (two) the relationship between races and the ancient Wu Yue place deeply, and the people of Wu Yue have broken hair tattoo "to like dragon" custom. (three) ancient fifth day of the fifth lunar month, useful "colorful silk Department arm" folk custom, this should is "like a relic of the Longzi" tattoo custom.
惡日，在先秦時代，普遍認(rèn)為五月是個毒月，五日是惡日�！秴问洗呵铩分小吨傧挠洝芬徽乱�(guī)定人們在五月要禁欲、齋戒。《夏小正》中記：“此日蓄藥，以蠲除毒氣�！薄洞蟠鞫Y》中記，“五月五日畜蘭為沐浴”以浴驅(qū)邪，認(rèn)為重五是死亡之日的傳說也很多。《史記?孟嘗君列傳》記歷有名的孟嘗君，在五月五日出生。其父要其母不要生下他，認(rèn)為“五月子者，長于戶齊，將不利其父母�！薄讹L(fēng)俗通》佚文，“俗說五月五日生子，男害父，女害母”。《論衡》的作者王充也記述：“諱舉正月、五月子;以正月、五月子殺父與母，不得舉也�！睎|晉大將王鎮(zhèn)惡五月初五生，其祖父便給他取名為“鎮(zhèn)惡”。宋徽宗趙佶五月初五生，從小寄養(yǎng)在宮外�？梢姡糯晕逶鲁跷鍨閻喝�，是普遍現(xiàn)象�？梢姀南惹匾院�，此日均為不吉之日。這樣，在此日插菖蒲、艾葉以驅(qū)鬼，薰蒼術(shù)、白芷和喝雄黃酒以避疫，就是順理成章的事。
The evil days, in the pre Qin era, generally considered May is a poisonous month, five days is the evil day. "LvShiChunQiu" in "A Midsummer record" chapter in May to stipulate, fasting and abstinence. "Xia Xiaozheng" in mind: "this medicine storage, to Juan addition." "Da Dai Li", "May 5th livestock blue bath to bath exorcism that weight of five deaths, the legend of a lot. "Biography of Meng Changjun" historical records? Remember the history of the famous Meng Changjun, born in May 5th. His father to his parent don't he think, "May the son, longer than the household register, adverse to the parents." "Custom" book, "Su said in May 5th son, male victims father, mother and daughter". "Lun Heng," written by Wang Chong also describes: "taboo held on the first day of the first month, may the son; in the first month of the lunar year, may the father and son mother shall not lift well." The Eastern Jin Dynasty general Wang Zhene fifth in May, his grandfather gave him the name of "the town of evil". Song Huizong Zhao Ji May 5, from foster care in ectopic. Therefore, the ancient evil in May on fifth, is a common phenomenon. Visible from the pre Qin period, this is inauspicious day. So, today in Acorus calamus, Wormwood Leaves with spirits, embalm Cangzhu, a.dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the plague is logical things.
夏至，持這一看法的劉德謙在《“端午”始源又一說》和《中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日趣談》中，提出三個主要理由：(一)權(quán)威性的歲時著作《荊楚歲時記》并未提到五月初五日要吃粽子的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗，卻把吃粽子寫在夏至節(jié)中。至于竟渡，隋代杜臺卿所作的《玉燭寶典》把它劃人夏至日的娛樂活動，可見不一定就是為了打撈投江的偉大詩人屈原。(二)端午節(jié)風(fēng)俗中的一些內(nèi)容，如“踏百草”、“斗百草”、“采雜藥”等，實際上與屈原無關(guān)。(三)《歲時風(fēng)物華紀(jì)麗》對端午節(jié)的第一個解釋是：“日葉正陽，時當(dāng)中即端午節(jié)正是夏季之中，故端午節(jié)又可稱為天中節(jié)。由此端午節(jié)的最早起源當(dāng)系夏至。眾說紛紜，而以紀(jì)念屈原說影響最為廣泛。由于屈原的人格藝超群，人們也愿意把這一紀(jì)念日歸之于他。
The summer solstice, to Liu Deqian of this view in the "dragon boat" Siwon and said "and" China traditional festival farce ", put forward three main reasons: (a) authority of the old book" Jingchu age Ji not mentioned on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to eat dumplings festival custom, but to eat dumplings written in the summer solstice festival. As for actually crossing, Taiwan Qing Du of the Sui Dynasty "jade candle collection," the plan of recreational activities in one summer solstice, visible is not necessarily in order to salvage the river the great poet Quyuan cast. (2) some of the contents of the Dragon Boat Festival customs, such as "riding a hundred herbs", "bucket Baicao", "mining complex drug" and so on, in fact and Qu Yuan has nothing to do. (III) the age of scenery Hua "Jili on the Dragon Boat Festival the first explanation is:" Ye Zhengyang. When is the Dragon Boat Festival it is summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival and festival days. This is the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, when the summer solstice. Opinions vary, in memory of Qu Yuan said the impact is the most widely. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding art personality, people are willing to put this day to him.
紀(jì)念女詩人秋瑾，秋瑾字睿卿競雄，號鑒湖女俠，小字玉姑，浙江紹興人，幼年擅長詩、詞、歌、賦，并且喜歡騎馬、擊劍，有花木蘭、秦良玉在世之稱。28歲時參加革命，影響極大，在預(yù)謀起義時為清兵所捕，至死不屈，于光緒三十三年五月五日在紹興軒亨口英勇就義。后人為敬仰她的詩，哀悼她的忠勇事跡，于是，與詩人節(jié)合并來紀(jì)念她，而詩人節(jié)又是因紀(jì)念愛國詩人屈原而定為端午節(jié)。
Commemorate the poetess Qiu Jin, Qiu Jin Rui Qing Jing Xiong, No. Jianhu woman, small print jade Gu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, childhood is good at poetry, lyrics, songs, Fu, and like horse riding, fencing, Mulan, Qin Liangyu alive said. At the age of 28, took part in the revolution and great influence in the planned uprising soldiers captured and unyielding to death. In the 33rd year of Guangxu May 5th at the mouth of the Shaoxing Xuan hang heroic martyrdom. Descendants admired her poetry, mourning her brave deeds, so merged with the poet festival to commemorate her, and poet Festival is due to commemorate patriotic poet Qu Yuan, the Dragon Boat Festival.
