1、答題方式大不同 新托福告別紙筆形式,采用計算機化考試。保證每個考生擁有個人化應(yīng)試環(huán)境,每人一個小隔間,一臺電腦和一副耳機,不受外在因素干擾,而且考生可以在聽力中做筆記,幫助記憶細節(jié)。
2、答題界面大不同 新托福改變舊托福一味強迫考生純粹用耳朵接受信息,用眼睛掃描選項的抽象界面,代之以大量相關(guān)圖片配合聲音資料,活化題目場景,加強考生的理解程度。例如下面這幅圖片明顯表明是一位教授與一個女生在辦公室里的一段對話:
3、答題程序大不同 新托福由于采取機考形式,聽完整篇文章之前是無法預(yù)讀和掃描任何問題或選項的,只能按部就班通過先聽、后讀、再選的程序答題。
4、考察題型大不同 新托福除單選題以外加入多選題,還有圖表題、是非題、排序題等其它諸多新題型,以加大對主觀題的考察。
5、聽力內(nèi)容“五大變化” 從內(nèi)容上看,舊托福的聽力由三部分構(gòu)成。Section A包括30個短對話, Section B和Section C分別由兩個長對話和三個課堂教學(xué)段落構(gòu)成,每段長度不會超過3分鐘。三部分加起來共50個題目,每題1—2分,共68分。題目之間間隔12秒,整個聽力部分用時30到35分鐘。新托福則大不同。主要體現(xiàn)在以下五個方面:
1)、考察內(nèi)容有側(cè)重。新托福的考察內(nèi)容相比舊托福更側(cè)重學(xué)術(shù)語言環(huán)境。語言素材主要集中在國際學(xué)生通常在北美留學(xué)時選擇的商務(wù)、教育、人文、工程、自然科學(xué)和社會研究等六大學(xué)科上,但不要求考生有特殊的個人專業(yè)背景。其題型設(shè)計就是要使一般學(xué)生能夠聽、說,能夠理解各種學(xué)術(shù)話題。話題的難度和大學(xué)生在校園生活中所遇到的各種語言環(huán)境相當(dāng)。
2)、組織結(jié)構(gòu)大不同。新托福的聽力部分取消了對短對話的考察,代之以兩篇長對話和四篇課堂長段落,因此在很大程度上淡化了做題技巧,更加注重對聽力實力的考察。比如下面這段長對話就不能用簡單的場景和題型技巧加以應(yīng)對。
Eg:Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.
Student :Hi, Professor Johnson.
Professor:Hi, Anna. What can I do for you?
Student :Remember, I e-mailed you about getting the handouts from the class I missed the other day, and you said I could stop by and pick them up today.
Professor:Oh, that’s right. You know, that’s the fourth class you’ve missed this semester, and that’s not doing your grade any good. I assume you had a good reason for being out...
Student :I know, I really hated to miss another class, but I had the flu, and I could hardly get out of bed. That’ll be the last class I miss, though. I promise.
Professor:[accepting her promise] Okay... [sincerely] So how are you feeling now—are you all recovered?
Student:Well, I’m still not quite a hundred per cent, but I’m feeling much better than I did a few days ago.
Professor:Well, that’s good. Okay, uh… [regaining train of thought] oh yes, the handouts. There were three of them, and I’ll get those for you in just a minute. They’re pretty self-explanatory, but if you have any questions, just send me an e-mail. But...
Student :[interrupting] Okay, thank you.
Professor:Sure. Uh, but we also watched a video, and we’ll be having an essay question about it on the next exam, so, [searching for a solution] uh… [thinking] Hmmm…Do you have a VCR at home?
Student:Actually, I don’t, but I do have access to one.
Professor :Okay…Well I can lend it you, but the only thing is, you’d have to watch it tonight and get it back to me early tomorrow, because I’m going to be showing it in the other section of that class tomorrow afternoon.
Student:That’d be great.
Professor:But you realLy have to get it back to me tomorrow before my class.
Student:No problem. I can drop it off first thing in the morning if you’d like.
Professor:Okay... [changing his mind] You know what? How about if we do it this way. I’ll keep it for now and show it in my class tomorrow, and uh then you can drop by here and pick it up on Friday morning and keep it for the whole weekend, and just bring it with you when you come to class next week. How does that sound? Uh then you’ll have a couple of days to watch it, and you won’t have to worry about getting it back here tomorrow.
Student:[checking her schedule in her mind] Let’s see, Friday morning... [turning happy when she realizes she can do it] Yeah, that’ll work.
Professor:Excellent. I’ll be here from about ten to eleven thirty.
Student:[leaving]Great. I’ll see you then.
Professor:Uh, just a second. Let me get you those handouts.
Student:Oh, yeah. Thank you.
3)、篇幅長度大不同。新托福的長對話和課堂演講的時間都不同程度的增長,平均在4-6分鐘左右,細節(jié)較多,容易遺忘,而且語速為normal speed,達到本土話,每分鐘140-220個字節(jié)。很明顯,這意味著新托福對考生在耐力、理解力和反應(yīng)速度方面提出了更為嚴苛的要求。
4)、題目數(shù)量大不同。新托福的長對話和課堂演講平均每篇設(shè)計5到6個題目,加起來共34道題,每道試題1-2分,共34-36分。新托福的題目數(shù)量是舊托福的一半,考試時間卻達到50分鐘左右,為舊托福的兩倍,明顯說明題目的含金量進一步加大。
5)、角色數(shù)量大不同。新托福的段落中有一位教授與多個學(xué)生對話的情形,這要比舊托福一對一的對話形式更易引起角色混淆和誤聽。
由此可見,新托福的聽力給考生帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。不僅僅是聽力,綜合新托福的聽力、閱讀、寫作和口語四大部分來看,除閱讀之外,寫作和口語部分對考生聽力水平的要求也是史無前例的,在這兩部分的考察中,考生不僅需要聽懂指定的整段對話或課堂演講,而且需要在此基礎(chǔ)上理解、歸納整段對話或課堂演講的中心思想和論證思路,并與所閱讀的文章的中心思想和論證思路融會貫通后再回答問題?上攵绻覀冮_始就聽不懂,那么無論是寫作題還是口試題都將無從下手。所以我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急就是在整體上把握和熟悉新托福的基礎(chǔ)之上,切實提高自身的聽力水平,而不是一味追求所謂的“考試技巧”