自從1978年啟動改革以來，中國已從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的快速發(fā)展。平均10%的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國的第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會不平衡的問題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機(jī)會，并擴(kuò)大社會保障。中國現(xiàn)在7%的經(jīng)濟(jì)年增長目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長速度。
Since the reform in 1978, with the rapiddevelopment of economy and society, Chinese economy has transferred into marketeconomy from command economy. The average 10% growth of GDP has lifted morethan 500 million people out of poverty. The Millennium Goal of the U.N. hasbeen fully or partially achieved throughout China. At present, the 12thFive-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and thesolution of imbalance of environment and society. The government has set goalsto reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educationalopportunities and medical insurance and expand social security. The 7% growthannual goal demonstrates that the government is concentrating on the quality oflife rather than the speed of growth。
中國將努力確保到2015年就業(yè)者接受過平均13.3年的教育。如果這一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，今后大部分進(jìn)入勞動力市場的人都需獲得大學(xué)文憑。
在未來幾年，中國將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)：除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。中國正在努力地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。
教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)，并為外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會。
China will endeavor to ensure everyemployee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, amajority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree。
In the next few years, China willincrease the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on thehigher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure thejustice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and,accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receivemore support。
In addition, the education ministrydecides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas andprovides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town toreceive education in the city。
反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國文明的重要特征。這在很大程度上歸功于道家對自然的感情。傳統(tǒng)中國畫有兩個(gè)青睞的主題，一是家庭生活的各種幸福場景，畫中往往有老人在下棋飲茶，男人在耕耘收割，婦女在織布縫衣，小孩在戶外玩耍。另一個(gè)則是鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種樂趣，畫有漁夫在湖上打漁，農(nóng)夫在山上砍柴采藥，或是書生坐在松樹下吟詩作畫。這兩個(gè)主題可以分別代表儒家和道家的生活理想。
The ideal rural lifestyle reflected inthe art and literature is a great characteristic in Chinese civilization. It islargely attributed to the Taoism affection to nature。
There are two most preferred topics intraditional Chinese paintings. One kind depicts various happy scenes of familylife in which the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvestin the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside. Theother depicts the recreations of rural life. In these paintings, fishermen fishon the lake, famers hew or collect herbs on the hills and scholars composepoems or paintings under pine trees. These two themes respectively representthe ideal life of Confucianism and Taoism。
