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1. by + doing 通過……方式　如：by studying with a group
by 還可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期間”、“用、”“經(jīng)過”、“乘車”等　如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 談?wù)�，議論，討論　如：The students often talk about movie after class. 學(xué)生們常常在課后討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 與某人說話
3. 提建議的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 許多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。
①aloud是副詞,重點(diǎn)在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之后。aloud沒有比較級形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak, talk,
laugh等動詞連用,多用于比較級,須放在動詞之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點(diǎn)。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動詞之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當(dāng)眾大聲談笑。
7. not …at all 一點(diǎn)也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡咖啡。not經(jīng)常可以和助動詞結(jié)合在一起，at all 則放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 對…感興奮 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。
9. ① end up doing sth 終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結(jié)束。
② end up with sth. 以…結(jié)束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。