經(jīng)驗交流：職稱英語考試第三部分點評
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子 （第23～30題，第題1分，共8分）
下面這篇短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23～26題要求從所給的6個選取項中為第2～5段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第27～30題材要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Radar（雷達）
1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回聲). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.
2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超聲的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.
3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.
4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (檢測) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.
5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.
6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A Study of Sound
B Highway Police
C Working Principles
D Early Use of "Radar"
E Useful Tools
F Discovery by Chance
27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to .
28 Ultrasonic device were used to .
29 Police use radar on highways to .
30 Radar helps pilots to .
A detect nearby objects
B determine the depth of the ocean water
C decide how fast you drive
D stop passing ships
E map the ocean floor
F observe water flow
參考答案：
23. D 24. F 25. C 26. B 27. E 28. B 29. C 30. A
試題點評：
概括大意與完成句子
對于該部分試題，首先在做題的時候應(yīng)該明確，本題分為兩個部分，考查的重點也各有不同。概括大意考查總結(jié)文章主要意思的能力，做題方法比較單一，對大家難度不大；完成句子考查的是文章細節(jié)，具體的考點有：1、利用回文定位快速查找答案的能力；2、利用paraphrase，根據(jù)同義替換和句意轉(zhuǎn)換，確定與文章細節(jié)意思一致的表述。
我們拿本次的試題做一個解析：
首先，大家看第一部分四道題。作為概括大意的文章，其難度相對比閱讀理解的要小很多，詞匯、語法都要簡單一些，但細節(jié)比較對，應(yīng)用的寫作方法比較復(fù)雜。對于這類文章，我們沒有必要把每一個單詞、每一個句子都弄明白，集中注意力找到文章中表示總結(jié)的句子。
先看標(biāo)題：Radar。第一影像：不會。什么是radar？如果知道，求之不得；如果不知道，也沒有關(guān)系，這并不重要。作為文章標(biāo)題，只可能表達如下幾個含義：1、概念；2、理論。很顯然，這里是一個概念，文章的主要內(nèi)容將會闡釋這個概念。
看第一段。大家很快看出，第一段是一個講故事的口吻，那肯定是在舉例子了，所以不用太多費心考慮，直接忽略。因為不從第一段出題，所以一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)第一段僅僅是舉例的話，就不要再看了，瀏覽一下后一句就可以了，因為在例子后一定有個結(jié)論，比如本文的：Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.（利用回聲，我們開發(fā)了許多有價值的工具。原句意思是：回聲給了我們許多有價值的工具）
第二段時考試段落。作為英文的寫作，作者思路都很單一，一般就是先總后分的結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，間或也有先分后總的。所以，根據(jù)老師上課講的，看每段話的起始句十分重要。90%的文章看起始句就可以做出本道題的答案。本段的起始句是：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.講的是回聲定位儀器早用于繪制海底地圖。很容易找到對應(yīng)的答案。
第三段我們用同樣的方法，看起始句：Radar is now a familiar tool.該句作為一個總結(jié)性的句子，沒有更多的信號。接著再看第二句：Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.本句承接第一句，講的是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)的。所以答案也就顯而易見了。但大家在這里要記住一個單詞：unexpected，“沒有預(yù)見到的”，等于答案F中的by chance“偶然間的”。所以這道題還用到了同義詞替換這一解題方法。
第四段依然先看起始句：All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.看完本句，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)本句是一個承上啟下的句子，功能上是銜接上一段，所以還應(yīng)該歸于上一段的內(nèi)容。接下來的句子中有兩個引號，很明顯這是在解釋概念，radar的工作原理。在答案中，Principles是一個生詞，但大家查字典可以找到其意思是原理，當(dāng)然，還有紀(jì)律的意思。本題難度大，既要考察大家概括大意的能力，還考查到了詞匯能力，屬于4個題中一道區(qū)別高低分的題，做不對時可以原諒的。在考試中，每一部分都有一些難度明顯比較大的題，建議大家心態(tài)要好，畢竟我們的目標(biāo)只是及格。
看第五段，起始句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.非常明顯，根據(jù)highway直接找到答案。本句的意思是：在五花八門的用途中，雷達也用作高速公路上的車速控制儀器。
其次，我們看第二而部分完成句子。本部分完成句子的試題考查的都是細節(jié)，所以大家要做的第一件事情就是找到文章中對應(yīng)的原句，然后利用各種同義替換、句意轉(zhuǎn)換等手段找到答案。
我們看：27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to .首先利用回文定位，找到原句。怎么回文定位？這需要大家一定要找到句子中的標(biāo)志詞、關(guān)鍵詞。一般情況下，利用這些詞匯文定位比較快捷：復(fù)雜的名次（本句中的Echo-sounding devices），表示時間順序的詞（early, first, last, then）、數(shù)詞（年代、數(shù)量、時間、體積、大小）等。利用這些關(guān)鍵詞，我們可以找到原文：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.答案就是原文，所以比較容易。
28 Ultrasonic device were used to .同樣，我們用Ultrasonic device來定位，找到原文：Sounds or ultrasonic (超聲的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.答案就是：how deep the water is under ships.根據(jù)句意轉(zhuǎn)換得到答案。原句的意思是：聲波或超聲波是測量輪船下面水深的有力工具。
29 Police use radar on highways to .利用highway定位，找到原句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.意思是雷達的一個用途就是用于高速公路測速。答案就是你開車多快了。
30 Radar helps pilots to .利用pilot定位，由于沒有直接的原句，所以我們斷定這是一道區(qū)別能力的難題，需要采取更多的辦法�？梢院芸煺业竭@個內(nèi)容在左后一段，大致看一下文章，然后使用排除法做題。首先排除與水、海、船相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，飛機總是飛在天上的，就只有A、C了，但C我們已經(jīng)找到是高速公路開車的內(nèi)容，所以只能是A了。排除法在英語考試中是一種基本的方法，大家要學(xué)會使用。
總結(jié)：對于本類試題，掌握的關(guān)鍵點不在于詞匯、語法，而在于你怎么樣迅速找到文章的內(nèi)容。另外，不求什么都要做對，懂得取舍才會有好心態(tài)。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子 （第23～30題，第題1分，共8分）
下面這篇短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23～26題要求從所給的6個選取項中為第2～5段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第27～30題材要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Radar（雷達）
1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回聲). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.
2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超聲的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.
3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.
4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (檢測) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.
5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.
6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A Study of Sound
B Highway Police
C Working Principles
D Early Use of "Radar"
E Useful Tools
F Discovery by Chance
27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to .
28 Ultrasonic device were used to .
29 Police use radar on highways to .
30 Radar helps pilots to .
A detect nearby objects
B determine the depth of the ocean water
C decide how fast you drive
D stop passing ships
E map the ocean floor
F observe water flow
參考答案：
23. D 24. F 25. C 26. B 27. E 28. B 29. C 30. A
試題點評：
概括大意與完成句子
對于該部分試題，首先在做題的時候應(yīng)該明確，本題分為兩個部分，考查的重點也各有不同。概括大意考查總結(jié)文章主要意思的能力，做題方法比較單一，對大家難度不大；完成句子考查的是文章細節(jié)，具體的考點有：1、利用回文定位快速查找答案的能力；2、利用paraphrase，根據(jù)同義替換和句意轉(zhuǎn)換，確定與文章細節(jié)意思一致的表述。
我們拿本次的試題做一個解析：
首先，大家看第一部分四道題。作為概括大意的文章，其難度相對比閱讀理解的要小很多，詞匯、語法都要簡單一些，但細節(jié)比較對，應(yīng)用的寫作方法比較復(fù)雜。對于這類文章，我們沒有必要把每一個單詞、每一個句子都弄明白，集中注意力找到文章中表示總結(jié)的句子。
先看標(biāo)題：Radar。第一影像：不會。什么是radar？如果知道，求之不得；如果不知道，也沒有關(guān)系，這并不重要。作為文章標(biāo)題，只可能表達如下幾個含義：1、概念；2、理論。很顯然，這里是一個概念，文章的主要內(nèi)容將會闡釋這個概念。
看第一段。大家很快看出，第一段是一個講故事的口吻，那肯定是在舉例子了，所以不用太多費心考慮，直接忽略。因為不從第一段出題，所以一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)第一段僅僅是舉例的話，就不要再看了，瀏覽一下后一句就可以了，因為在例子后一定有個結(jié)論，比如本文的：Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.（利用回聲，我們開發(fā)了許多有價值的工具。原句意思是：回聲給了我們許多有價值的工具）
第二段時考試段落。作為英文的寫作，作者思路都很單一，一般就是先總后分的結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，間或也有先分后總的。所以，根據(jù)老師上課講的，看每段話的起始句十分重要。90%的文章看起始句就可以做出本道題的答案。本段的起始句是：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.講的是回聲定位儀器早用于繪制海底地圖。很容易找到對應(yīng)的答案。
第三段我們用同樣的方法，看起始句：Radar is now a familiar tool.該句作為一個總結(jié)性的句子，沒有更多的信號。接著再看第二句：Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.本句承接第一句，講的是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)的。所以答案也就顯而易見了。但大家在這里要記住一個單詞：unexpected，“沒有預(yù)見到的”，等于答案F中的by chance“偶然間的”。所以這道題還用到了同義詞替換這一解題方法。
第四段依然先看起始句：All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.看完本句，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)本句是一個承上啟下的句子，功能上是銜接上一段，所以還應(yīng)該歸于上一段的內(nèi)容。接下來的句子中有兩個引號，很明顯這是在解釋概念，radar的工作原理。在答案中，Principles是一個生詞，但大家查字典可以找到其意思是原理，當(dāng)然，還有紀(jì)律的意思。本題難度大，既要考察大家概括大意的能力，還考查到了詞匯能力，屬于4個題中一道區(qū)別高低分的題，做不對時可以原諒的。在考試中，每一部分都有一些難度明顯比較大的題，建議大家心態(tài)要好，畢竟我們的目標(biāo)只是及格。
看第五段，起始句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.非常明顯，根據(jù)highway直接找到答案。本句的意思是：在五花八門的用途中，雷達也用作高速公路上的車速控制儀器。
其次，我們看第二而部分完成句子。本部分完成句子的試題考查的都是細節(jié)，所以大家要做的第一件事情就是找到文章中對應(yīng)的原句，然后利用各種同義替換、句意轉(zhuǎn)換等手段找到答案。
我們看：27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to .首先利用回文定位，找到原句。怎么回文定位？這需要大家一定要找到句子中的標(biāo)志詞、關(guān)鍵詞。一般情況下，利用這些詞匯文定位比較快捷：復(fù)雜的名次（本句中的Echo-sounding devices），表示時間順序的詞（early, first, last, then）、數(shù)詞（年代、數(shù)量、時間、體積、大小）等。利用這些關(guān)鍵詞，我們可以找到原文：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.答案就是原文，所以比較容易。
28 Ultrasonic device were used to .同樣，我們用Ultrasonic device來定位，找到原文：Sounds or ultrasonic (超聲的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.答案就是：how deep the water is under ships.根據(jù)句意轉(zhuǎn)換得到答案。原句的意思是：聲波或超聲波是測量輪船下面水深的有力工具。
29 Police use radar on highways to .利用highway定位，找到原句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.意思是雷達的一個用途就是用于高速公路測速。答案就是你開車多快了。
30 Radar helps pilots to .利用pilot定位，由于沒有直接的原句，所以我們斷定這是一道區(qū)別能力的難題，需要采取更多的辦法�？梢院芸煺业竭@個內(nèi)容在左后一段，大致看一下文章，然后使用排除法做題。首先排除與水、海、船相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，飛機總是飛在天上的，就只有A、C了，但C我們已經(jīng)找到是高速公路開車的內(nèi)容，所以只能是A了。排除法在英語考試中是一種基本的方法，大家要學(xué)會使用。
總結(jié)：對于本類試題，掌握的關(guān)鍵點不在于詞匯、語法，而在于你怎么樣迅速找到文章的內(nèi)容。另外，不求什么都要做對，懂得取舍才會有好心態(tài)。
