Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change

　　At picnics，ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries1such as mining，farming and forestry，they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.

　　It has been recognized for decades2 that ants—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species，for instance，will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees. 1 And still others will move in and take up residence.

　　By looking at which species populate a deforested area，scientists can determine how“stressed”the land is. 2 Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.

　　Where mine sites are being restored，for example，some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others. 3 Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.

　　Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil，where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.“We found it worked extremely well there，”says Jonathan Majer，a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia，he says，because ants are so common throughout the region.As Majer puts it：“That‘s the great thing about ants.”3

　　Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting4. 4

　　Why not？ Because many companies can‘t afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems，also，from the scarcity of ant specialists. 5 .

　　詞匯：

　　ecological adj.生態(tài)學(xué)的 barometer n.氣壓計(jì)

　　forestry n.林業(yè) gauge v.測(cè)定，測(cè)量

　　antsy adj.坐立不安的 ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

　　populate v.居住 deforest v.采伐樹林，清除樹林

　　recolonize v.再度移民到 sift v.詳審

　　scarcity n.缺乏，不足

　　注釋：

　　1. industries：行業(yè)

　　2. for decades：有幾十年。for后接復(fù)數(shù)的時(shí)間詞是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，如for days，for years等。本文第四段還會(huì)出現(xiàn)for years.

　　3. “That‘s the great thing about ants.”：great thing指前一句的ants are so common throughout the region.

　　4. tree harvesting：伐林

　　練習(xí)：

　　A This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.

　　B Yet in other businesses，such as farming and property development，ant surveys aren‘t used widely.

　　C Employing those people are expensive.

　　D They do this by sorting the ants，counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.

　　E The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.

　　F Others will die out for lack of food.

　　答案：1.F 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C