1)與主語動詞同時，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2)先于主動詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
