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GMAT數(shù)學概念和名詞匯總

時間:2008-07-11 17:28:00   來源:無憂考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]
1.數(shù)論

  natural number 自然數(shù) positive number 正數(shù) negative number 負數(shù)odd integer, odd number 奇數(shù) even integer, even number 偶數(shù) integer, whole number 整數(shù) positive whole number 正整數(shù) negative whole number 負整數(shù) consecutive number 連續(xù)整數(shù)real number, rational number 實數(shù),有理數(shù) irrational(number) 無理數(shù) inverse 倒數(shù)composite number 合數(shù) e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15… prime number 質(zhì)數(shù) e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15… reciprocal 倒數(shù)common divisor 公約數(shù) multiple 倍數(shù) (minimum) common multiple (最。┕稊(shù) (prime) factor(質(zhì))因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十進制 nonnegative 非負的 tens 十位 units 個位mode 眾數(shù) mean平均數(shù)median中值 common ratio 公比

  2. 基本數(shù)學概念

  arithmetic mean 算術(shù)平均值 weighted average 加權(quán)平均值 geometric mean 幾何平均數(shù) exponent 指數(shù),冪 base 乘冪的底數(shù),底邊 cube 立方數(shù),立方體 square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用對數(shù)digit 數(shù)字 constant 常數(shù) variable 變量inverse function 反函數(shù)complementary function 余函數(shù) linear 一次的,線*的 factorization 因式分解 absolute value 絕對值,e.g.|-32|=32 round off 四舍五入數(shù)學

  3. 基本運算

  add,plus 加 subtract 減 difference 差 multiply, times 乘product 積 divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除數(shù),紅利 divisor 因子,除數(shù),公約數(shù) quotient 商remainder 余數(shù) factorial 階乘 power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根號 round to 四舍五入 to the nearest 四舍五入

  4.代數(shù)式,方程,不等式

  algebraic term 代數(shù)項 like terms, similar terms 同類項 numerical coefficient 數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient 字母系數(shù)inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式 range 值域 original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程,等價方程 linear equation 線*方程(e.g.5x+6=22)

  5.分數(shù),小數(shù)

  proper fraction 真分數(shù) improper fraction 假分數(shù) mixed number 帶分數(shù) vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分數(shù) simple fraction 簡分數(shù) complex fraction 繁分數(shù) numerator 分子 denominator 分母 (least)common denominator (最。┕帜 quarter 四分之一 decimal fraction 純小數(shù) infinite decimal 無窮小數(shù) recurring decimal 循環(huán)小數(shù) tenths unit 十分位

  56. 集合

  union 并集 proper subset 真子集 solution set 解集

  7.數(shù)列

  arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差數(shù)列 geometric progression(sequence) 等比數(shù)列

  8.其它

  approximate 近似 (anti)clockwise (逆) 順時針方向 cardinal 基數(shù)ordinal 序數(shù) direct proportion 正比 distinct 不同的 estimation 估計,近似 parentheses 括號 proportion 比例 permutation 排列combination 組合 table 表格 trigonometric function 三角函數(shù) unit 單位,位

  幾何 GEOMETRY

  1.角

  alternate angle 內(nèi)錯角 corresponding angle 同位角 vertical angle 對頂角 central angle 圓心角 interior angle 內(nèi)角 exterior angle 外角 supplementary angles 補角complementary angle 余角 adjacent angle 鄰角acute angle 銳角 obtuse angle 鈍角right angle 直角 round angle 周角 straight angle 平角 included angle 夾角

  2.三角形

  equilateral triangle 等邊三角形 scalene triangle 不等邊三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 right triangle 直角三角形 oblique 斜三角形 inscribed triangle 內(nèi)接三角形

  3.收斂的平面圖形,除三角形外

  semicircle 半圓 concentric circles 同心圓 quadrilateral 四邊形pentagon 五邊形hexagon 六邊形 heptagon 七邊形 octagon 八邊形nonagon 九邊形 decagon 十邊形 polygon 多邊形 parallelogram 平行四邊形 equilateral 等邊形 plane 平面 square 正方形,平方 rectangle長方形 regular polygon 正多邊形 rhombus 菱形 trapezoid 梯形

  4.其它平面圖形

  arc 弧line, straight line 直線line segment 線段 parallel lines平行線 segment of a circle 弧形

  5.立體圖形

  cube 立方體,立方數(shù) rectangular solid 長方體regular solid/regularpolyhedron 正多面體circular cylinder 圓柱體 cone 圓錐 sphere 球體 solid 立體的

  6.圖形的附屬概念

  plane geometry 平面幾何 trigonometry 三角學 bisect 平分circumscribe 外切 inscribe 內(nèi)切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直 Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理(畢達哥拉斯定理)congruent 全等的multilateral 多邊的 altitude 高 depth 深度 side 邊長 circumference, perimeter 周長 radian 弧度 surface area 表面積 volume 體積 arm 直角三角形的股 cross section 橫截面 center of a circle 圓心chord 弦diameter 直徑radius 半徑 angle bisector 角平分線 diagonal 對角線 edge 棱 face of a solid 立體的面 hypotenuse 斜邊included side 夾邊 leg 三角形的直角邊median(三角形的)中線 base底邊,底數(shù)(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底數(shù)) opposite 直角三角形中的對邊midpoint 中點 endpoint 端點 vertex (復數(shù)形式vertices)頂點tangent 切線的transversal 截線 intercept 截距

  7.坐標

  coordinate system 坐標系 rectangular coordinate 直角坐標系 origin 原點 abscissa 橫坐標 ordinate 縱坐標 number line 數(shù)軸 quadrant 象限 slope 斜率complex plane 復平面

  8.計量單位

  cent 美分 penny 一美分硬幣  nickel 5美分硬幣 dime 一角硬幣 dozen 打(12個) score 廿(20個) Centigrade 攝氏 Fahrenheit 華氏 quart 夸脫 gallon 加侖(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 碼 meter 米 micron 微米 inch 英寸 foot 英尺 minute 分(角度的度量單位,60分=1度)square measure 平方單位制 cubic meter 立方米 pint 品脫(干量或液量的單位)

  基本規(guī)律

  2 所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù),但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)

  2 若b>a,則b/a > (b+1)/(a+1) ;若b

  < a>

  GRE中容易考到的統(tǒng)計題型主要就有以下七種

  1. mode(眾數(shù))

  一堆數(shù)中出現(xiàn)頻率的一個或幾個數(shù)e.g. mode of 1,1,1,2,3,0,0,0,5 is 1 and 0

  2.range(值域) 一堆數(shù)中和最小數(shù)之差 e.g. range of 1,1,2,3,5 is 5-1=4

  3.mean(平均數(shù)) arithmatic mean(算術(shù)平均數(shù)) (不用解釋了吧?)

  geometric mean (幾何平均數(shù)) n個數(shù)之積的n次方根

  4.median(中數(shù))

  將一堆數(shù)排序之后,正中間的一個數(shù)(奇數(shù)個數(shù)字), 或者中間兩個數(shù)的平均數(shù)(偶數(shù)個數(shù)字)e.g. median of 1,7,4,9,2,5,8 is 5 median of 1,7,4,9,2,5 is (5+7)/2=6

  5.standard error(標準偏差)

  一堆數(shù)中,每個數(shù)與平均數(shù)的差的絕對值之和,除以這堆數(shù)的個數(shù)(n)

  e.g. standard error of 0,2,5,7,6 is: (|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4

  6.standard variation

  一堆數(shù)中,每個數(shù)與平均數(shù)之差的平方之和,再除以n e.g. standard variation of 0,2,5,7,6 is: _ 2 2 2 2 2_

  |_(0-4) +(2-4)+(5-4)+(7-4)+(6-4)_|/5=6.8

  7.standard deviation 就是standard variation的平方根

  GRE&GMAT數(shù)學部分術(shù)語總匯

  代數(shù)部分

  1. 有關(guān)數(shù)學運算

  add,plus 加 subtract 減 difference 差 multiply, times 乘 product 積 divide 除 divisible 可被整除的 divided evenly 被整除 dividend 被除數(shù),紅利 divisor 因子,除數(shù) quotient 商 remainder 余數(shù) factorial 階乘 power 乘方 radical sign, root sign 根號 round to 四舍五入 to the nearest 四舍五入

  2. 有關(guān)集合

  union 并集 proper subset 真子集 solution set 解集

  3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式

  algebraic term 代數(shù)項 like terms, similar terms 同類項 numerical coefficient 數(shù)字系數(shù) literal coefficient 字母系數(shù) inequality 不等式 triangle inequality 三角不等式 range 值域 original equation 原方程 equivalent equation 同解方程,等價方程 linear equation 線*方程(e.g. 5x+6=22)

  4.有關(guān)分數(shù)和小數(shù)

  proper fraction 真分數(shù) improper fraction 假分數(shù) mixed number 帶分數(shù) vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分數(shù) simple fraction 簡分數(shù) complex fraction 繁分數(shù) numerator 分子 denominator 分母 (least) common denominator (最。┕帜釜 quarter 四分之一 decimal fraction 純小數(shù) infinite decimal 無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal 循環(huán)小數(shù) tenths unit 十分位

  5. 基本數(shù)學概念

  arithmetic mean 算術(shù)平均值 weighted average 加權(quán)平均值 geometric mean 幾何平均數(shù) exponent 指數(shù),冪 base 乘冪的底數(shù),底邊 cube 立方數(shù),立方體 square root 平方根 cube root 立方根 common logarithm 常用對數(shù) digit 數(shù)字 constant 常數(shù) variable 變量 inverse function 反函數(shù) complementary function 余函數(shù) linear 一次的,線*的 factorization 因式分解 absolute value 絕對值,e.g.|-32|=32 round off 四舍五入 

  6.有關(guān)數(shù)論

  natural number 自然數(shù) positive number 正數(shù) negative number 負數(shù) odd integer, odd number 奇數(shù) even integer, even number 偶數(shù) integer, whole number 整數(shù) positive whole number 正整數(shù) negative whole number 負整數(shù) consecutive number 連續(xù)整數(shù) real number, rational number 實數(shù),有理數(shù) irrational(number) 無理數(shù) inverse 倒數(shù) composite number 合數(shù) e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…… prime number 質(zhì)數(shù) e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15…… 注意:所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù),但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù) reciprocal 倒數(shù) common divisor 公約數(shù) multiple 倍數(shù) (least)common multiple (最。┕稊(shù) (prime) factor (質(zhì))因子 common factor 公因子 ordinary scale, decimal scale 十進制 nonnegative 非負的 tens 十位 units 個位 mode 眾數(shù) median 中數(shù) common ratio 公比

  7.數(shù)列

  arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差數(shù)列 geometric progression(sequence) 等比數(shù)列 8.其它 approximate 近似 (anti)clockwise (逆) 順時針方向 cardinal 基數(shù) ordinal 序數(shù) direct proportion 正比 distinct 不同的 estimation 估計,近似 parentheses 括號 proportion 比例 permutation 排列 combination 組合 table 表格 trigonometric function 三角函數(shù) unit 單位,位

  幾何部分

  1. 所有的角

  alternate angle 內(nèi)錯角 corresponding angle 同位角 vertical angle 對頂角 central angle 圓心角 interior angle 內(nèi)角 exterior angle 外角 supplementary angles 補角 complementary angle 余角 adjacent angle 鄰角 acute angle 銳角 obtuse angle 鈍角 right angle 直角 round angle 周角 straight angle 平角 included angle 夾角

  2.所有的三角形

  equilateral triangle 等邊三角形 scalene triangle 不等邊三角形 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 right triangle 直角三角形 oblique 斜三角形 inscribed triangle 內(nèi)接三角形

  3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形,除三角形外

  semicircle 半圓

  concentric circles 同心圓 quadrilateral 四邊形 pentagon 五邊形 hexagon 六邊形 heptagon 七邊形 octagon 八邊形 nonagon 九邊形 decagon 十邊形 polygon 多邊形 parallelogram 平行四邊形 equilateral 等邊形 plane 平面 square 正方形,平方 rectangle 長方形 regular polygon 正多邊形 rhombus 菱形 trapezoid 梯形

  4.其它平面圖形

  arc 弧 line, straight line 直線 line segment 線段 parallel lines 平行線 segment of a circle 弧形

  5.有關(guān)立體圖形

  cube 立方體,立方數(shù) rectangular solid 長方體 regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面體 circular cylinder 圓柱體 cone 圓錐 sphere 球體 solid 立體的

  6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物

  altitude 高 depth 深度 side 邊長 circumference, perimeter 周長 radian 弧度 surface area 表面積 volume 體積 arm 直角三角形的股 cross section 橫截面 center of a circle 圓心 chord 弦 radius 半徑 angle bisector 角平分線 diagonal 對角線 diameter 直徑 edge 棱 face of a solid 立體的面 hypotenuse 斜邊 included side 夾邊 leg 三角形的直角邊 median of a triangle 三角形的中線 base 底邊,底數(shù)(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底數(shù)) opposite 直角三角形中的對邊 midpoint 中點 endpoint 端點 vertex (復數(shù)形式vertices)頂點 tangent 切線的 transversal 截線 intercept 截距

  7.有關(guān)坐標

  coordinate system 坐標系 rectangular coordinate 直角坐標系 origin 原點 abscissa 橫坐標 ordinate 縱坐標 number line 數(shù)軸 quadrant 象限 slope 斜率 complex plane 復平面

  8.其它

  plane geometry 平面幾何 trigonometry 三角學 bisect 平分 circumscribe 外切 inscribe 內(nèi)切 intersect 相交 perpendicular 垂直 pythagorean theorem 勾股定理 congruent 全等的 multilateral 多邊的

  其它

  1.單位類

  cent 美分 penny 一美分硬幣  nickel 5美分硬幣 dime 一角硬幣 dozen 打(12個) score 廿(20個) Centigrade 攝氏 Fahrenheit 華氏 quart 夸脫 gallon 加侖(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 碼 meter 米 micron 微米 inch 英寸 foot 英尺 minute 分(角度的度量單位,60分=1度) square measure 平方單位制 cubic meter 立方米 pint 品脫(干量或液量的單位)

  2.有關(guān)文字敘述題,主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)

  intercalary year(leap year) 閏年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折舊 down payment 直接付款 discount 打折 margin 利潤 profit 利潤 interest 利息 simple interest 單利 compounded interest 復利 dividend 紅利 decrease to 減少到 decrease by 減少了 increase to 增加到 increase by 增加了 denote 表示 list price 標價 markup 漲價 per capita 每人 ratio 比率 retail price 零售價 tie