一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用am , you 用are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解
當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子是:
什么+ 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí)+ than(比)+ 什么,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
�、僖话愕闹苯釉谠~尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
�、谝詄結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如fine – finer ,
�、垡暂o音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.
典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性.
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一,從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River
(2) How is Mr Green He's 4375px.
(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.
三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解
動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
�、僖话阒苯釉趧�(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如lived , danced , used
�、垡暂o音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
�、茈p寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如stopped
B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
�、僖话愕闹苯釉诤竺婕由蟟ng , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
�、垭p寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人稱代詞
六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞"not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .
3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.
如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).
Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
�、侔褎�(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.
�、跊]有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.
4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:
What is this It's a computer.
What does he do He's a doctor.
Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.
Which season do you like best Summer.
When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.
Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.
How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ can you see 你能看見多少……
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there… 有多少……
七:完全,縮略形式:
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not
總結(jié):通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not)
