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初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納

時(shí)間:2021-07-29 16:28:00   來(lái)源:無(wú)憂(yōu)考網(wǎng)     [字體: ]

#初中二年級(jí)# #初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納#】學(xué)習(xí)是把知識(shí)、能力、思維方法等轉(zhuǎn)化為你的私有產(chǎn)權(quán)的重要手段,是“公有轉(zhuǎn)私”的重要途徑。你的一生,無(wú)法離開(kāi)學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)是你最忠實(shí)的朋友,它會(huì)聽(tīng)你的召喚,它會(huì)幫助你走向一個(gè)又一個(gè)成功。以下是®無(wú)憂(yōu)考網(wǎng)為您整理的《初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納》,供大家查閱。



1.初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納


1.主語(yǔ):

表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事兒”,一般由名詞,代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)

例如:Gina is from Australia.

She often goes to the movies.

This kind of juice tastes good!

2.謂語(yǔ):

主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)兩個(gè)方面必須保持一致。

例如: We are both quiet.

He has a smart phone.

You should study harder.

Her parents are teachers.

3. 賓語(yǔ):

分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。

例如:He's playing soccer.

Good food and exercise help me to study harder.

4. 系動(dòng)詞:

表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如 be, 感官系動(dòng)詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。

This picture looks so beautiful.

Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.

5. 表語(yǔ):

緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣,由 n. adj. 或者相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或者短語(yǔ),和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

例如:Her mother is a bank clerk.

Are you ready?

We were at home last night.

6. 定語(yǔ):

修飾名詞或代詞的成分。作定語(yǔ)的出形容詞外,還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的`詞或者短語(yǔ)。

例如: Peel three bananas.

What's your name, please?

She's a good basketball player.

7. 狀語(yǔ):

修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)目的方式程度等意義。通常有副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于的副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。

例如:People are all working hard.

Beijing is not very cold in winter.

8. 補(bǔ)語(yǔ):

分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。

例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。

(You是主語(yǔ), should keep是謂語(yǔ),the room是賓語(yǔ),clean and tidy是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)

This kind of food tastes delicious.

這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。

(This kind of food是主語(yǔ), tastes是系動(dòng)詞, delicious是表語(yǔ)。)

注意:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分,不是主干成分。

2.初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納


賓語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))

1、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

(1)that:沒(méi)有含義,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分

(2)whether/if:表示是否,賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分。

(3)連接代詞:what, which, who, whom, whose(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主、賓、表和定語(yǔ))

連接副詞:where, when, how, why(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ))

2、在做賓語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)

(1)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

(2)當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句必須是一種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。

(3)當(dāng)表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍真理的句子做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

say/speak/talk/tell

say:是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞,意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)道”,著重所說(shuō)的話(huà)。如:

“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō),“我要坐汽車(chē)到那里去!盤(pán)lease say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。

speak : “說(shuō)話(huà)”,著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲,不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如:Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況?I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話(huà)。

speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí),只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用,表達(dá)在對(duì)話(huà)中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。

如:She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。

talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說(shuō)話(huà)的動(dòng)作,而不著重所說(shuō)的話(huà),因此,一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞,不過(guò),talk 暗示話(huà)是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話(huà)意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話(huà)。如:I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。

tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如:He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。

tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

3.初二期末英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納


1.由that引導(dǎo),由于that沒(méi)有任何意義,也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句通常表達(dá)一種陳述意義。

e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.

Tom says (that) he must study hard.

She told me (that) she was a student.

(1)如果由and連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第二個(gè)that則不能省略。

e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.

(2)常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。

2.由連接代詞或連接副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導(dǎo),含有“誰(shuí)、什么、哪個(gè)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、怎樣、為什么”等特殊疑問(wèn)意義。

e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?

Can you tell me what they’re looking for?

I don’t know where she has gone.

I wonder how she can find us.

She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.

3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo),含有“是否,能否,對(duì)否,有否”等一般疑問(wèn)意義。

e.g.She asked me if I could help her.

Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.

Please tell me whether you can come or not.

在這類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句中要注意兩點(diǎn):

(1)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“是否”,從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就應(yīng)用什么時(shí)態(tài)。

if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“假如”,從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.

I don’t know if the letter is yours.

They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.

I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.

(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)多數(shù)情況下可以與whether互換,但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時(shí),通常用whether,并在后面的加上“or not”,即一般要選擇whether構(gòu)成whether…or not的結(jié)構(gòu)。

e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

I want to know whether you can help me or not.