【篇一】高考英語定語從句知識點(diǎn)
概念引入
欣賞含有定語從句的名言：
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
笑是太陽，它從人們的臉上趕走冬天。
Don’t trust the first sign that you see.
不要相信你看見的第一個跡象。
All is not gold that glitters.
發(fā)光的未必都是金子。
Nothing is impossible to the man who has will.
世上無難事，只怕有心人。
God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助。
【篇二】高考英語定語從句知識點(diǎn)
一、定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
這是他給我的生日禮物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
你認(rèn)識來宴會的每一位嗎？
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
這是毛主席曾經(jīng)居住的地方。
二、各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics.
我更喜歡能寫自己歌詞的歌唱家。
These are musicians who make us happy.
這些是能讓我們高興的音樂家。
People who eat a balanced diet are healthier.
平衡飲食的人是健康的。
2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
你認(rèn)識我們在門口遇到的那個年輕人嗎？
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你想見的李先生已經(jīng)來了。
3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
她媽媽病了的那個女孩今天呆在家。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我認(rèn)識他的父親是教授的那個男孩。
4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典是給單詞釋義的一本書。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
這是老師昨天提到的那本書。
5. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我喜歡具有優(yōu)美歌詞的音樂。
Carmen likes music that’s loud. Carmen喜歡大聲的音樂。
I like music that I can dance to. 我喜歡能伴舞的音樂。
6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我從來不會忘記我們工作在農(nóng)場的那個時光。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
在我離開的那天他到的北京。
7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。
This is the house where we lived last year.
這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉哪莻�房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
他的父親工作的工廠是在城市的東邊。
三、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語或定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。
1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
我不喜歡說話多做事少的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
在湖北省生產(chǎn)的汽車銷量好。
2. 作賓語
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
她是我昨天在校門口遇到的那個人。
The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.
我奶奶給我的那本書叫做《勝利大逃亡》。
3. 作定語：關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
他的妹妹是醫(yī)生的那個年輕男士叫什么名字？
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
她的父親是一位老師的那個女孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
4. 作狀語
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
我從來不會忘記我第一次來北京的那天。
This is the house where I was born.
這是我出生的那個房子。
四、具體使用時還要注意下列問題：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：
1）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞級時，只能用that，而不用which。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
2）被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？在商店里你有什么東西要買嗎？
3）先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
4）先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
5）以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？
6）主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
2. 只能用which，不用that的情況：
1）先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.
What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？
2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
3）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.
Tom came back，which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
3. 關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 或 which 放先行詞后，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面。
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
那是我們居住了十年的房子。
【篇三】高考英語定語從句知識點(diǎn)
I. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
___________________________________________
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
_____________________________________________
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
_____________________________________________
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her just now.
_____________________________________________
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
_____________________________________________
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
_____________________________________________
7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
_____________________________________________
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
_____________________________________________
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
_____________________________________________
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a singer.
_____________________________________________
II. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _______ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
III. 單項填空。
1. —Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. This is the place ______ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
4. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
5. Watch carefully everything _____ the teacher will do.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
6．I love the place ____ the weather is always cool.
A. that B. where C. why D. which
7. The man and the dog ____ were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
8．The reason ____ I was late for the class was my oversleeping.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
9. Jane is one of the students in the class ______have ever been to China.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
10. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【真題鏈接】
1. The womanis the most important in my life is my mother.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
2. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.
A．who is B．which are C．that is D．who are
3. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
4. He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash.
A. where B. what C. which D. in which
參考答案
I. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句。
1. The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
2. The old man who/that teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
4. The woman (who/whom/that) you were talking about just now is here now.
5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
6. The car which/that just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.
7. The man who/that waved to us was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book (that/which) you gave me last week.
9. The subject (which/that) I prefer is science.
10. The man (who/whom/that) I spoke to is a singer.
II. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。
1. that/ which 2. who/ that
3. that/ which 4. who/ that
5. that 6. that 7. which
8. which/ that 9. where 10. when
III. 單項填空。
1. B 句子的先行詞是the man，所以that引導(dǎo)，且that在定語從句中作主語。
2.A 句子的先行詞是the people，所以用who引導(dǎo)，且who在定語從句中作主語。
3.D 本句先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作visit的賓語，所以選D。
4.C 本句先行詞是表示地名的world，且關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以選C。
5.Ａ 本句是考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。由于先行詞是不定代詞，它的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。
6.Ｂ 本句是考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。由于先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)名詞，所以它的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用where，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
7.Ｃ 本句的先行詞既有人也有物，所以引導(dǎo)詞只能用that，that在定語從句中作主語。
8.Ａ 本句的先行詞是表示原因的名詞，所以引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系副詞why。
9.Ａ 考查關(guān)系代詞的用法。此句是定語從句，先行詞是students，且在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。
10. B 本句屬于非限制性定語從句，所以用which引導(dǎo)，且which在從句中作主語。
【真題鏈接】
1. B。此題考查定語從句，先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞用who，在定語從句作主語，故選B。
2. D。句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定語從句的先行詞是people，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故答案為D項。
3. D。句意：在曼德拉1990獲得自由后，他選擇了與想殺他的人握手。先行詞指人且在定語從句中作主語，故選who。
4. C。本句意為：他喜歡低碳生活，他在垃圾之外建立了自己的房子。本題考查which的用法，which在后置的定語從句中代替上文出現(xiàn)的事物或情況。
